PORTAGE LEARNING NURS231
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL COMPREHENSIVE
ASSESSMENT 2026 SOLVED QUESTIONS
VERIFIED
◉ Multiple sclerosis is best described as:
A) a CNS demyelination, possibly from an immunogenetic virus
B) inadequate supply of acetylcholine at the neurotransmitter
junction as a result of an autoimmune disorder
C) the depletion of dopamine in the CNS as a result of a virus
D) a degenerative disorder of lower and upper motor neurons
caused by viral-immune factors. Answer: Ans: A- a CNS
demyelination, possibly from an immunogenetic virus
◉ deep venous thrombosis. Answer: What is the usual source of this
condition in the lung from an obese smoker who had sudden death?
a. valvular disease
b. left heart failure
c. endocartitis
d. deep venous thrombosis
,◉ Graves disease develops from:
A) a viral infection of the thyroid gland that causes overproduction
of thyroid hormone
B) an autoimmune process during which lymphocytes and fibrous
tissue replace thyroid tissue
C) thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin, which causes
overproduction of thyroid hormones
D) ingestion of goitrogenes, which inhibits the synthesis of the
thyroid hormones, causing goiter. Answer: Ans: D- ingestion of
goitrogenes, which inhibits the synthesis of the thyroid hormones,
causing goiter
◉ a. diabetes mellitus
b. hypertension
c. obesity. Answer: The risk of developing coronary artery disease is
increased in patients with: (Select 3)
a. diabetes mellitus
b. hypertension
c. obesity
d. liver disease
e. congenital heart defects
f. high alcohol consumption
,◉ Pathologic changes associated with Graves disease include:
A) high levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
B) diminished levels of TRH
C) high levels of TSH
D) diminished levels of thyroid-binding globulin. Answer: Ans: A-
high levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
◉ A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the
following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20, serum glucose 500
mg/dl, positive urine glucose and ketones, serum postassium (K+) 2
mEq/L, and serum sodium (Na+) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports
that he has been sick with the "flu" for a week. What relationship do
these values have to his insulin deficiency?
A) increased glucose use causes the shift of fluid from the
intravascular to the intracellular space
B) decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis,
metabolic acidosis, and osmotic diuresis
C) increased glucose and fatty acids stimulate renal diuresis,
electrolyte loss, and metabolic alkalosis
D) decreased glucose use results in protein catabolism, tissue
wasting, respiratory acidosis, and electrolyte loss. Answer: Ans: B-
decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic
acidosis, and osmotic diuresis
, ◉ Restrictive. Answer: Which form of cardiomyopathy is usually
caused by an infiltrative disease of the myocardium, such as
amyloidosis, hemochromacytosis, or glycogen storage disease?
a. hypertrophic
b. infiltrative
c. restrictive
d. septal
◉ acute pericarditis. Answer: A patient complains of sudden onset of
severe chest pain that radiates to the back and worsens with
respiratory movement and when lying down. These clinical
manifestations describe a(n):
a. acute pericarditis
b. pericardial effusion
c. myocardial infarction
d. restrictive pericarditis
◉ Type 2 diabetes mellitus is best described as:
A) resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues
B) the needs for lispro intead of regular insulin
C) an increase in glucagon secretion from (alpa) cells of the pancreas
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL COMPREHENSIVE
ASSESSMENT 2026 SOLVED QUESTIONS
VERIFIED
◉ Multiple sclerosis is best described as:
A) a CNS demyelination, possibly from an immunogenetic virus
B) inadequate supply of acetylcholine at the neurotransmitter
junction as a result of an autoimmune disorder
C) the depletion of dopamine in the CNS as a result of a virus
D) a degenerative disorder of lower and upper motor neurons
caused by viral-immune factors. Answer: Ans: A- a CNS
demyelination, possibly from an immunogenetic virus
◉ deep venous thrombosis. Answer: What is the usual source of this
condition in the lung from an obese smoker who had sudden death?
a. valvular disease
b. left heart failure
c. endocartitis
d. deep venous thrombosis
,◉ Graves disease develops from:
A) a viral infection of the thyroid gland that causes overproduction
of thyroid hormone
B) an autoimmune process during which lymphocytes and fibrous
tissue replace thyroid tissue
C) thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin, which causes
overproduction of thyroid hormones
D) ingestion of goitrogenes, which inhibits the synthesis of the
thyroid hormones, causing goiter. Answer: Ans: D- ingestion of
goitrogenes, which inhibits the synthesis of the thyroid hormones,
causing goiter
◉ a. diabetes mellitus
b. hypertension
c. obesity. Answer: The risk of developing coronary artery disease is
increased in patients with: (Select 3)
a. diabetes mellitus
b. hypertension
c. obesity
d. liver disease
e. congenital heart defects
f. high alcohol consumption
,◉ Pathologic changes associated with Graves disease include:
A) high levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
B) diminished levels of TRH
C) high levels of TSH
D) diminished levels of thyroid-binding globulin. Answer: Ans: A-
high levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
◉ A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the
following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20, serum glucose 500
mg/dl, positive urine glucose and ketones, serum postassium (K+) 2
mEq/L, and serum sodium (Na+) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports
that he has been sick with the "flu" for a week. What relationship do
these values have to his insulin deficiency?
A) increased glucose use causes the shift of fluid from the
intravascular to the intracellular space
B) decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis,
metabolic acidosis, and osmotic diuresis
C) increased glucose and fatty acids stimulate renal diuresis,
electrolyte loss, and metabolic alkalosis
D) decreased glucose use results in protein catabolism, tissue
wasting, respiratory acidosis, and electrolyte loss. Answer: Ans: B-
decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic
acidosis, and osmotic diuresis
, ◉ Restrictive. Answer: Which form of cardiomyopathy is usually
caused by an infiltrative disease of the myocardium, such as
amyloidosis, hemochromacytosis, or glycogen storage disease?
a. hypertrophic
b. infiltrative
c. restrictive
d. septal
◉ acute pericarditis. Answer: A patient complains of sudden onset of
severe chest pain that radiates to the back and worsens with
respiratory movement and when lying down. These clinical
manifestations describe a(n):
a. acute pericarditis
b. pericardial effusion
c. myocardial infarction
d. restrictive pericarditis
◉ Type 2 diabetes mellitus is best described as:
A) resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues
B) the needs for lispro intead of regular insulin
C) an increase in glucagon secretion from (alpa) cells of the pancreas
