NSG-318 Exam 3 Questions with Verified
Correct Answers
acute HF
-heart muscle weakens and enlarges
-loses ability to pump blood adequately
-compensatory mechanisms fail
-lungs/periphery become congested
R sided heart failure
blood backs up in periphery
-peripheral edema & weight gain
L sided heart failure
blood backs up into lungs
-pulmonary edema, shortness of breath, dyspnea, cough
cardiomegaly is common with
heart failure
heart failure nonpharmacologic tx
-limit salt and saturated fat intake (limit to 2g/1tsp/day)
-limit/avoid alcohol intake (avoid/1 drink/day)
-stop smoking
-perform mild exercise
-fluid intake (may be dec)
Digoxin class
,cardiac glycoside
digoxin use
HF, a-fib (oral/IV admin)
digoxin action
inhibits Na/K+ ATPase; inc cardiac contractility, CO and tissue perfusion
digoxin side effects/adverse effects
hypokalemia, blurred/yellow vision, green/yellow halos w toxicity
Digoxin contraindications
V-fib, hypokalemia
caution w/ acute MI, AV block, HTN, older adults
digoxin drug interactions
-Diuretics and cortisone: inc risk for toxicity (diuretics may cause hypokalemia)
-Antacids: dec digoxin absorption
digoxin CAM interactions
-Ginseng: inc digitalis levels
-St. John's wort and psyllium: dec absorption
-Hawthorn: inc effects
-Licorice, aloe, ephedra: inc risk of toxicity
digoxin interventions
-assess apical pulse before administering; DON'T ADMINISTER IF HR <60bpm
-advise client to eat foods high in K+
,Antidote for digoxin toxicity
digoxin immune FAB
digoxin therapeutic serum level
0.5-1ng/mL
digoxin effects on heart muscle
-inc. myocardial contractility and CO
-dec. HR and conduction
angina
acute cardiac pain caused by inadequate blood flow to myocardium
antianginal drugs
-nitrates
-beta blockers
-Ca channel blockers
nitroglycerin class
antianginal (Nitrate)
nitroglycerin uses
control angina, acute MI and HF
nitroglycerin action
dec myocardial demand for O2 consumption (vasodilator)
Nitroglycerin Contraindications
, inc intracranial pressure; heat and light dec potency of drug. keep in dark bottle
nitroglycerin routes of administration
-SL spray: 1-3min onset. space out over 5mins and call 911 before taking 2nd dose
-Topical cream: wipe off old cream 1st (4-8hr duration)
-Transdermal: leave off for 12hrs to give break
nitroglycerin side effects/adverse effects
CNS effects, syncope, tolerance, GI distress, circulatory collapse
nitroglycerin drug interactions
-alcohol, beta blockers, Ca channel blockers, antihypertensives, Aspirin, benzos, vasodilators:
inc effect
-heparin: dec effect
nitroglycerin CAM interactions
-Hawthorn: inc. levels
nitroglycerin interventions
-for SL spray, call 911 if 1st dose doesn't work
-proper storage of tabs
-administer SL tab if chest pain occurs
Atenolol class
beta 1 adrenergic blocker
atenolol use
tx of hypertension, prophylaxis, and acute MI
Correct Answers
acute HF
-heart muscle weakens and enlarges
-loses ability to pump blood adequately
-compensatory mechanisms fail
-lungs/periphery become congested
R sided heart failure
blood backs up in periphery
-peripheral edema & weight gain
L sided heart failure
blood backs up into lungs
-pulmonary edema, shortness of breath, dyspnea, cough
cardiomegaly is common with
heart failure
heart failure nonpharmacologic tx
-limit salt and saturated fat intake (limit to 2g/1tsp/day)
-limit/avoid alcohol intake (avoid/1 drink/day)
-stop smoking
-perform mild exercise
-fluid intake (may be dec)
Digoxin class
,cardiac glycoside
digoxin use
HF, a-fib (oral/IV admin)
digoxin action
inhibits Na/K+ ATPase; inc cardiac contractility, CO and tissue perfusion
digoxin side effects/adverse effects
hypokalemia, blurred/yellow vision, green/yellow halos w toxicity
Digoxin contraindications
V-fib, hypokalemia
caution w/ acute MI, AV block, HTN, older adults
digoxin drug interactions
-Diuretics and cortisone: inc risk for toxicity (diuretics may cause hypokalemia)
-Antacids: dec digoxin absorption
digoxin CAM interactions
-Ginseng: inc digitalis levels
-St. John's wort and psyllium: dec absorption
-Hawthorn: inc effects
-Licorice, aloe, ephedra: inc risk of toxicity
digoxin interventions
-assess apical pulse before administering; DON'T ADMINISTER IF HR <60bpm
-advise client to eat foods high in K+
,Antidote for digoxin toxicity
digoxin immune FAB
digoxin therapeutic serum level
0.5-1ng/mL
digoxin effects on heart muscle
-inc. myocardial contractility and CO
-dec. HR and conduction
angina
acute cardiac pain caused by inadequate blood flow to myocardium
antianginal drugs
-nitrates
-beta blockers
-Ca channel blockers
nitroglycerin class
antianginal (Nitrate)
nitroglycerin uses
control angina, acute MI and HF
nitroglycerin action
dec myocardial demand for O2 consumption (vasodilator)
Nitroglycerin Contraindications
, inc intracranial pressure; heat and light dec potency of drug. keep in dark bottle
nitroglycerin routes of administration
-SL spray: 1-3min onset. space out over 5mins and call 911 before taking 2nd dose
-Topical cream: wipe off old cream 1st (4-8hr duration)
-Transdermal: leave off for 12hrs to give break
nitroglycerin side effects/adverse effects
CNS effects, syncope, tolerance, GI distress, circulatory collapse
nitroglycerin drug interactions
-alcohol, beta blockers, Ca channel blockers, antihypertensives, Aspirin, benzos, vasodilators:
inc effect
-heparin: dec effect
nitroglycerin CAM interactions
-Hawthorn: inc. levels
nitroglycerin interventions
-for SL spray, call 911 if 1st dose doesn't work
-proper storage of tabs
-administer SL tab if chest pain occurs
Atenolol class
beta 1 adrenergic blocker
atenolol use
tx of hypertension, prophylaxis, and acute MI
