PMHNP certification Exam Questions
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Answers Latest Updated 2026
denial refusal to admit or recognize problem or event- primitive defense
mechanism
projection taking one's own unacceptable qualities and attributing them
to another- primitive defense mechanism
regression reverting to patterns of behavior from earlier stage of developement-
immature defense mechanism
passive-aggression indirectly expressing anger- immature defense mechanism
reaction formation taking up the opposite feeling to reduce anxiety- neurotic defense
mechanism
intelluctualization focusing on intellectual component to AVOID anxiety or thinking about
the matter- neurotic defense mechanism
repression keeping info out of consciousness- neurotic defense mechanism
displacement taking out frustrations, etc on people or objects less threatening-
neurotic defense mechanism
rationalization explaining unacceptable in a rational or logical manner- neurotic
defense mechanism
splitting seeing things about self or others in extremes, unable to
integrate negative and positive- neurotic defense mechanism
sublimation converts unacceptable into acceptable (going to gym when angry)-
mature, healthy defense mechanism
humor, sublimation, suppression mature, healthy defense mechanisms
suppression removal of unwanted information (thinking about matter later)-mature,
healthy defense mechanism
cohort study level 3 evidence heirarchy- specific variable and a specific outcome
tested
Meta-analysis (systematic review) level 1 highest level of evidence- review of high quality
published research
RCTs level 2 evidence heirarchy
case control study level 4 evidence heirarchy- retrospective study of cases and controls
compared
case series/ reports level 5 evidence heirarchyone study or narrative of one study/patient
editorial/expert opinion lowest level (6) of evidence heirarchy- essays
, herd community resistance of group to infectious agent
active immunity resistance developed in response to an antigen (agent or vaccine)
;presence of antibody produced by host, years or lifelong
passive immunity immunity from mother or IG administered; 6-9 months
sensitivity positive in disease; SnNout- sensitive test when negative rules
OUT disease
specificity negative in health; SpPin- specific test when positive rules IN disease
prevalence porportion of individuals possessing the condition at any given time
incidence NEW cases only
AST elevation >40 alcohol, statin, tylenol, depakote
ALT elevation >40 liver stress, depakote
GGT elevation > 45 possible ETOH
CK elevation >240 possible NMS
GFR <60 requires dose adjustment (normal >90)
drugs/conditions that increase Li+ level ACE inhibitors, ARBs, NSAIDs, tetracyclines, metronidazole, K sparing
diuretics, thiazide diuretics, dehydration HYPOnatremia
drugs or conditions that decrease Li+ level HYPERnatremia, theophylline
therapeutic lithium level 0.6-1.0 (acute mania 0.8-1.2)
symptoms of lithium toxicity lethargy, fatigue, clumsiness, weakness, muscle cramping, nausea,
vomiting, SEVERE tremor, blurred vision, confusion
Low Hgb- < 13.5 men or < 12.5 women anemia
low Hgb and MCV< 78 microcytic anemia caused by blood loss (GI or menorrhagia)
low Hgb and MCV >100 mactocytic anemia cause by alcohol use, B12
deficiency(pernicious anemia) or depakote/carbemazipine
level of ANC required to initiate tx with Clozapine ANC >1500
medication or substance that is metabolized by an substrate (50% of all RXN meds are CYP450 3a4
substrates) isoenzyme
Blocks a specific enzymatic pathway keeping inhibitor- increases substrate
substrate from exiting and INCREASING substrate
levels
pushes substrates out the exit pathway leading to inducer- dereases
substrate DECREASED substrate levels
Verified and Provided with A+ Graded
Answers Latest Updated 2026
denial refusal to admit or recognize problem or event- primitive defense
mechanism
projection taking one's own unacceptable qualities and attributing them
to another- primitive defense mechanism
regression reverting to patterns of behavior from earlier stage of developement-
immature defense mechanism
passive-aggression indirectly expressing anger- immature defense mechanism
reaction formation taking up the opposite feeling to reduce anxiety- neurotic defense
mechanism
intelluctualization focusing on intellectual component to AVOID anxiety or thinking about
the matter- neurotic defense mechanism
repression keeping info out of consciousness- neurotic defense mechanism
displacement taking out frustrations, etc on people or objects less threatening-
neurotic defense mechanism
rationalization explaining unacceptable in a rational or logical manner- neurotic
defense mechanism
splitting seeing things about self or others in extremes, unable to
integrate negative and positive- neurotic defense mechanism
sublimation converts unacceptable into acceptable (going to gym when angry)-
mature, healthy defense mechanism
humor, sublimation, suppression mature, healthy defense mechanisms
suppression removal of unwanted information (thinking about matter later)-mature,
healthy defense mechanism
cohort study level 3 evidence heirarchy- specific variable and a specific outcome
tested
Meta-analysis (systematic review) level 1 highest level of evidence- review of high quality
published research
RCTs level 2 evidence heirarchy
case control study level 4 evidence heirarchy- retrospective study of cases and controls
compared
case series/ reports level 5 evidence heirarchyone study or narrative of one study/patient
editorial/expert opinion lowest level (6) of evidence heirarchy- essays
, herd community resistance of group to infectious agent
active immunity resistance developed in response to an antigen (agent or vaccine)
;presence of antibody produced by host, years or lifelong
passive immunity immunity from mother or IG administered; 6-9 months
sensitivity positive in disease; SnNout- sensitive test when negative rules
OUT disease
specificity negative in health; SpPin- specific test when positive rules IN disease
prevalence porportion of individuals possessing the condition at any given time
incidence NEW cases only
AST elevation >40 alcohol, statin, tylenol, depakote
ALT elevation >40 liver stress, depakote
GGT elevation > 45 possible ETOH
CK elevation >240 possible NMS
GFR <60 requires dose adjustment (normal >90)
drugs/conditions that increase Li+ level ACE inhibitors, ARBs, NSAIDs, tetracyclines, metronidazole, K sparing
diuretics, thiazide diuretics, dehydration HYPOnatremia
drugs or conditions that decrease Li+ level HYPERnatremia, theophylline
therapeutic lithium level 0.6-1.0 (acute mania 0.8-1.2)
symptoms of lithium toxicity lethargy, fatigue, clumsiness, weakness, muscle cramping, nausea,
vomiting, SEVERE tremor, blurred vision, confusion
Low Hgb- < 13.5 men or < 12.5 women anemia
low Hgb and MCV< 78 microcytic anemia caused by blood loss (GI or menorrhagia)
low Hgb and MCV >100 mactocytic anemia cause by alcohol use, B12
deficiency(pernicious anemia) or depakote/carbemazipine
level of ANC required to initiate tx with Clozapine ANC >1500
medication or substance that is metabolized by an substrate (50% of all RXN meds are CYP450 3a4
substrates) isoenzyme
Blocks a specific enzymatic pathway keeping inhibitor- increases substrate
substrate from exiting and INCREASING substrate
levels
pushes substrates out the exit pathway leading to inducer- dereases
substrate DECREASED substrate levels
