,NURS 5366 Module 3 Quiz | Principles of Research in Nursing
(2026) Q&A | UTA
1. A researcher is studying the effect of hypnosis on pain during dental procedures,
comparing two groups: those who receive hypnosis and those who do not. If the researcher
plans to use a t-test for analysis, which pain measurement is most appropriate?
A) A categorical scale (yes/no pain)
B) An ordinal rating scale (mild, moderate, severe)
C) A numerical pain scale from 0 to 100
D) A visual analog scale with faces only
Correct Answer: C) A numerical pain scale from 0 to 100
Rationale: A numerical scale from 0 to 100 provides interval or ratio-level data, which is
appropriate for a t-test. Categorical or ordinal scales do not provide the continuous data
required for this parametric test.
2. A researcher performs a series of pilot studies to determine if a measurement tool produces
consistent results. This is an evaluation of:
A) Validity
B) Reliability
C) Sensitivity
D) Specificity
Correct Answer: B) Reliability
Rationale: Reliability refers to the consistency and stability of a measurement tool. Pilot
studies are often used to assess whether an instrument yields reproducible scores.
3. A researcher develops a 7-point Likert scale to evaluate feelings of well-being in patients
undergoing chemotherapy and administers it to similar patients in several medical centers.
This is done to:
,A) Improve the validity of the tool
B) Improve the test-retest reliability of the tool
C) Establish the tool's sensitivity
D) Test for interrater reliability
Correct Answer: B) Improve the test-retest reliability of the tool
Rationale: Administering a scale to similar patients across multiple centers helps assess and
improve test-retest reliability by evaluating the consistency of scores over time and across
settings.
4. In a pilot study, a researcher trains data collectors to evaluate children's pain using a
FACES rating scale and examines the reliability of the scores of each data collector. This is
an example of which type of reliability?
A) Test-retest reliability
B) Internal consistency reliability
C) Interrater reliability
D) Alternate forms reliability
Correct Answer: C) Interrater reliability
Rationale: Interrater reliability measures the degree of agreement between different raters or
observers. When multiple data collectors are trained to use a scale, examining the consistency
of their scores assesses interrater reliability.
5. A researcher evaluates scores of a paper-and-pencil instrument with interval-level data
using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. This is a test of:
A) Test-retest reliability
B) Interrater reliability
C) Internal consistency reliability
D) Alternate forms reliability
, Correct Answer: C) Internal consistency reliability
Rationale: Cronbach's alpha is a statistical measure used to assess internal consistency
reliability, which evaluates the extent to which items on a scale measure the same construct.
6. A researcher administers a scale measuring self-confidence and one measuring self-doubt
to a group of subjects and performs a correlational analysis. This is a test of validity from:
A) Convergent validity
B) Divergent validity
C) Content validity
D) Criterion validity
Correct Answer: B) Divergent validity
Rationale: Divergent validity is demonstrated when a scale measuring one construct (e.g.,
self-confidence) shows a weak or negative correlation with a scale measuring an opposing
construct (e.g., self-doubt).
7. A researcher develops a new instrument to measure coping skills and conducts a pilot study
comparing the new tool with an existing tool that measures the same concept. This is
evidence of validity from:
A) Convergent validity
B) Divergent validity
C) Content validity
D) Criterion validity
Correct Answer: A) Convergent validity
Rationale: Convergent validity is established when a new instrument correlates well with an
existing, validated instrument that measures the same concept.
(2026) Q&A | UTA
1. A researcher is studying the effect of hypnosis on pain during dental procedures,
comparing two groups: those who receive hypnosis and those who do not. If the researcher
plans to use a t-test for analysis, which pain measurement is most appropriate?
A) A categorical scale (yes/no pain)
B) An ordinal rating scale (mild, moderate, severe)
C) A numerical pain scale from 0 to 100
D) A visual analog scale with faces only
Correct Answer: C) A numerical pain scale from 0 to 100
Rationale: A numerical scale from 0 to 100 provides interval or ratio-level data, which is
appropriate for a t-test. Categorical or ordinal scales do not provide the continuous data
required for this parametric test.
2. A researcher performs a series of pilot studies to determine if a measurement tool produces
consistent results. This is an evaluation of:
A) Validity
B) Reliability
C) Sensitivity
D) Specificity
Correct Answer: B) Reliability
Rationale: Reliability refers to the consistency and stability of a measurement tool. Pilot
studies are often used to assess whether an instrument yields reproducible scores.
3. A researcher develops a 7-point Likert scale to evaluate feelings of well-being in patients
undergoing chemotherapy and administers it to similar patients in several medical centers.
This is done to:
,A) Improve the validity of the tool
B) Improve the test-retest reliability of the tool
C) Establish the tool's sensitivity
D) Test for interrater reliability
Correct Answer: B) Improve the test-retest reliability of the tool
Rationale: Administering a scale to similar patients across multiple centers helps assess and
improve test-retest reliability by evaluating the consistency of scores over time and across
settings.
4. In a pilot study, a researcher trains data collectors to evaluate children's pain using a
FACES rating scale and examines the reliability of the scores of each data collector. This is
an example of which type of reliability?
A) Test-retest reliability
B) Internal consistency reliability
C) Interrater reliability
D) Alternate forms reliability
Correct Answer: C) Interrater reliability
Rationale: Interrater reliability measures the degree of agreement between different raters or
observers. When multiple data collectors are trained to use a scale, examining the consistency
of their scores assesses interrater reliability.
5. A researcher evaluates scores of a paper-and-pencil instrument with interval-level data
using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. This is a test of:
A) Test-retest reliability
B) Interrater reliability
C) Internal consistency reliability
D) Alternate forms reliability
, Correct Answer: C) Internal consistency reliability
Rationale: Cronbach's alpha is a statistical measure used to assess internal consistency
reliability, which evaluates the extent to which items on a scale measure the same construct.
6. A researcher administers a scale measuring self-confidence and one measuring self-doubt
to a group of subjects and performs a correlational analysis. This is a test of validity from:
A) Convergent validity
B) Divergent validity
C) Content validity
D) Criterion validity
Correct Answer: B) Divergent validity
Rationale: Divergent validity is demonstrated when a scale measuring one construct (e.g.,
self-confidence) shows a weak or negative correlation with a scale measuring an opposing
construct (e.g., self-doubt).
7. A researcher develops a new instrument to measure coping skills and conducts a pilot study
comparing the new tool with an existing tool that measures the same concept. This is
evidence of validity from:
A) Convergent validity
B) Divergent validity
C) Content validity
D) Criterion validity
Correct Answer: A) Convergent validity
Rationale: Convergent validity is established when a new instrument correlates well with an
existing, validated instrument that measures the same concept.
