TEST BANK FOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN
ADULTS AND CHILDREN 8TH EDITION
BY SUE HUETHER, KATHRYN
MCCANCE: ISBN;13: 978-0275972486
ALL 50 CHAPTERS COVERED
UPGRADED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS.
COMPLETE TEST BANK - PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
d. Cells can synthesize fats.
Answer: C
Rationale: In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic
absorption.
2. Where is most of a cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
Answer: C
Rationale: The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most
of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The
,mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production. Ribosomes' chief function is
to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes function as the intracellular digestive system.
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by using oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
Answer: B
Rationale: Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H₂O₂, which is a
powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes
are RNA-protein complexes that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm.
Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40
digestive enzymes. An endosome is a vesicle that has been pinched off from the cellular membrane.
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. Lysosomes
Answer: D
Rationale: The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption
of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes,
which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The chief function of a
ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. The Golgi complex is a network of flattened,
smooth vesicles and membranes often located near the cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum
is involved in steroid hormone production and removing toxic substances from the cell.
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
,a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction
b. Secretion of cortisol
c. Increased retention of water
d. Breakdown of fat
Answer: C
Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes
increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH. Breakdown
of fat is due to glucagon.
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G₁
b. S
c. G₂
d. M
Answer: B
Rationale: DNA synthesis occurs during the S (synthesis) phase of the cell cycle. The G₁ phase is the gap
before DNA synthesis where the cell grows and prepares for replication. The G₂ phase is the gap after
DNA synthesis where the cell prepares for mitosis. The M phase is the mitotic phase where cell division
occurs.
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors,
transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
Answer: C
Rationale: Proteins have several functions, including acting as receptors, transport channels for
electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps. Lipids help act as the "glue" holding cell membranes
together. Proteases cause the breakdown of protein. Carbohydrates are involved in cellular protection
and lubrication and help produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation.
, 8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful in designing drug therapy for
which human diseases?
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
Answer: B
Rationale: Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug
interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases, including
cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cardiac, vascular, gastrointestinal, renal, and
endocrine disorders do not involve this process.
9. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains
b. Glycoprotein channels
c. Membrane channel proteins
d. Lipid bilayer
Answer: D
Rationale: The lipid bilayer is hydrophobic and prevents water-soluble molecules from freely entering
cells. The lipid bilayer is composed of two layers of phospholipids with their hydrophobic tails facing
inward, creating a barrier to water-soluble substances. Carbohydrate chains are attached to proteins
and lipids on the outer surface and are involved in cell recognition. Glycoprotein channels and
membrane channel proteins allow specific molecules to pass through the membrane.
10. Which mode of chemical signaling uses bloodborne chemical messengers that are produced by
one set of cells and produce a response by another set of cells?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurotransmitter
d. Hormone
Answer: D
THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN
ADULTS AND CHILDREN 8TH EDITION
BY SUE HUETHER, KATHRYN
MCCANCE: ISBN;13: 978-0275972486
ALL 50 CHAPTERS COVERED
UPGRADED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS.
COMPLETE TEST BANK - PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
d. Cells can synthesize fats.
Answer: C
Rationale: In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic
absorption.
2. Where is most of a cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
Answer: C
Rationale: The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most
of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The
,mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production. Ribosomes' chief function is
to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes function as the intracellular digestive system.
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by using oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
Answer: B
Rationale: Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H₂O₂, which is a
powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes
are RNA-protein complexes that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm.
Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40
digestive enzymes. An endosome is a vesicle that has been pinched off from the cellular membrane.
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. Lysosomes
Answer: D
Rationale: The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption
of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes,
which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The chief function of a
ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. The Golgi complex is a network of flattened,
smooth vesicles and membranes often located near the cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum
is involved in steroid hormone production and removing toxic substances from the cell.
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
,a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction
b. Secretion of cortisol
c. Increased retention of water
d. Breakdown of fat
Answer: C
Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes
increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH. Breakdown
of fat is due to glucagon.
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G₁
b. S
c. G₂
d. M
Answer: B
Rationale: DNA synthesis occurs during the S (synthesis) phase of the cell cycle. The G₁ phase is the gap
before DNA synthesis where the cell grows and prepares for replication. The G₂ phase is the gap after
DNA synthesis where the cell prepares for mitosis. The M phase is the mitotic phase where cell division
occurs.
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors,
transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
Answer: C
Rationale: Proteins have several functions, including acting as receptors, transport channels for
electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps. Lipids help act as the "glue" holding cell membranes
together. Proteases cause the breakdown of protein. Carbohydrates are involved in cellular protection
and lubrication and help produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation.
, 8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful in designing drug therapy for
which human diseases?
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
Answer: B
Rationale: Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug
interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases, including
cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cardiac, vascular, gastrointestinal, renal, and
endocrine disorders do not involve this process.
9. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains
b. Glycoprotein channels
c. Membrane channel proteins
d. Lipid bilayer
Answer: D
Rationale: The lipid bilayer is hydrophobic and prevents water-soluble molecules from freely entering
cells. The lipid bilayer is composed of two layers of phospholipids with their hydrophobic tails facing
inward, creating a barrier to water-soluble substances. Carbohydrate chains are attached to proteins
and lipids on the outer surface and are involved in cell recognition. Glycoprotein channels and
membrane channel proteins allow specific molecules to pass through the membrane.
10. Which mode of chemical signaling uses bloodborne chemical messengers that are produced by
one set of cells and produce a response by another set of cells?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurotransmitter
d. Hormone
Answer: D
