,NU 110 Exam 4 | Integrated Human Sciences
(2026/2027) PDF | Nursing | Galen
1. The nurse is reviewing the structure of the nervous system with a client.
Which statement correctly describes the divisions of the nervous system?
A) The nervous system is divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous
systems.
B) The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and
peripheral nervous system (PNS).
C) The nervous system is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic
nervous systems.
D) The nervous system is divided into the brain and the spinal cord only.
Correct Answer: B) The nervous system is divided into the central nervous
system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Rationale: The nervous system has two main divisions: the central nervous
system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral
nervous system (PNS), which consists of all the nerves that extend from the CNS
to the rest of the body. The autonomic and somatic systems are subdivisions of
the PNS, while the sympathetic and parasympathetic are branches of the
autonomic nervous system.
2. The nursing instructor is explaining neuron structure to a group of students.
Which part of the neuron is responsible for receiving signals from other
neurons?
A) Axon
B) Dendrite
,C) Cell body (soma)
D) Myelin sheath
Correct Answer: B) Dendrite
Rationale: Dendrites are the branched extensions of a neuron that receive
chemical signals from other neurons and convert them into electrical impulses,
which are then transmitted toward the cell body. The axon transmits signals
away from the cell body, the cell body houses the nucleus, and the myelin
sheath provides insulation.
3. A student is studying the brainstem. Which structures make up the
brainstem?
A) Cerebrum and cerebellum
B) Thalamus and hypothalamus
C) Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
D) Frontal and temporal lobes
Correct Answer: C) Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
Rationale: The brainstem is composed of three structures: the midbrain, pons,
and medulla oblongata. It connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord and is
responsible for controlling vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and
blood pressure. The cerebrum and cerebellum are separate major brain regions.
4. The nurse is teaching a client about the function of the hypothalamus. Which
statement by the client indicates correct understanding?
, A) "The hypothalamus is primarily responsible for coordinating voluntary
muscle movements."
B) "The hypothalamus acts as a relay station for sensory information."
C) "The hypothalamus controls body temperature, water balance, and pituitary
gland secretions."
D) "The hypothalamus is responsible for conscious thought and decision-
making."
Correct Answer: C) "The hypothalamus controls body temperature, water
balance, and pituitary gland secretions."
Rationale: The hypothalamus is a key homeostatic control center in the brain. It
regulates many bodily functions, including water and salt balance, temperature
regulation, hunger, thirst, and the secretion of hormones from the pituitary
gland. The thalamus is the sensory relay station, and the cerebrum is
responsible for higher-level functions.
5. A patient has been diagnosed with a tumor in the occipital lobe. Which deficit
would the nurse most likely assess?
A) Hearing loss
B) Loss of vision
C) Impaired speech
D) Loss of smell
Correct Answer: B) Loss of vision
(2026/2027) PDF | Nursing | Galen
1. The nurse is reviewing the structure of the nervous system with a client.
Which statement correctly describes the divisions of the nervous system?
A) The nervous system is divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous
systems.
B) The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and
peripheral nervous system (PNS).
C) The nervous system is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic
nervous systems.
D) The nervous system is divided into the brain and the spinal cord only.
Correct Answer: B) The nervous system is divided into the central nervous
system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Rationale: The nervous system has two main divisions: the central nervous
system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral
nervous system (PNS), which consists of all the nerves that extend from the CNS
to the rest of the body. The autonomic and somatic systems are subdivisions of
the PNS, while the sympathetic and parasympathetic are branches of the
autonomic nervous system.
2. The nursing instructor is explaining neuron structure to a group of students.
Which part of the neuron is responsible for receiving signals from other
neurons?
A) Axon
B) Dendrite
,C) Cell body (soma)
D) Myelin sheath
Correct Answer: B) Dendrite
Rationale: Dendrites are the branched extensions of a neuron that receive
chemical signals from other neurons and convert them into electrical impulses,
which are then transmitted toward the cell body. The axon transmits signals
away from the cell body, the cell body houses the nucleus, and the myelin
sheath provides insulation.
3. A student is studying the brainstem. Which structures make up the
brainstem?
A) Cerebrum and cerebellum
B) Thalamus and hypothalamus
C) Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
D) Frontal and temporal lobes
Correct Answer: C) Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
Rationale: The brainstem is composed of three structures: the midbrain, pons,
and medulla oblongata. It connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord and is
responsible for controlling vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and
blood pressure. The cerebrum and cerebellum are separate major brain regions.
4. The nurse is teaching a client about the function of the hypothalamus. Which
statement by the client indicates correct understanding?
, A) "The hypothalamus is primarily responsible for coordinating voluntary
muscle movements."
B) "The hypothalamus acts as a relay station for sensory information."
C) "The hypothalamus controls body temperature, water balance, and pituitary
gland secretions."
D) "The hypothalamus is responsible for conscious thought and decision-
making."
Correct Answer: C) "The hypothalamus controls body temperature, water
balance, and pituitary gland secretions."
Rationale: The hypothalamus is a key homeostatic control center in the brain. It
regulates many bodily functions, including water and salt balance, temperature
regulation, hunger, thirst, and the secretion of hormones from the pituitary
gland. The thalamus is the sensory relay station, and the cerebrum is
responsible for higher-level functions.
5. A patient has been diagnosed with a tumor in the occipital lobe. Which deficit
would the nurse most likely assess?
A) Hearing loss
B) Loss of vision
C) Impaired speech
D) Loss of smell
Correct Answer: B) Loss of vision
