,NU 131 Exam 4 | Nursing and Healthcare I
(2026/2027) PDF | Nursing | Galen College
1. According to Erikson, what is the psychosocial task for the young adult (20-40
years)?
A) Identity vs. Role Confusion
B) Intimacy vs. Isolation
C) Generativity vs. Stagnation
D) Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Correct Answer: B) Intimacy vs. Isolation
Rationale: According to Erikson, the young adult stage (20-40 years) is
characterized by the psychosocial crisis of Intimacy vs. Isolation. During this
stage, individuals develop close, committed relationships with others. Identity
vs. Role Confusion is the adolescent stage. Generativity vs. Stagnation is the
middle adult stage. Ego Integrity vs. Despair is the older adult stage.
2. A home health nurse is assessing a family consisting of a married couple and
their three children. The nurse documents this family structure as:
A) Extended family
B) Blended family
C) Nuclear family
D) Single-parent family
Correct Answer: C) Nuclear family
,Rationale: A nuclear family includes one or two parents and their children. This
structure is also called the traditional family. Extended families include
additional relatives; blended families involve remarried parents with children
from prior relationships; single-parent families involve one parent raising
children alone.
3. Which historical figure is considered the founder of modern nursing and
emphasized the impact of environment on health?
A) Clara Barton
B) Lillian Wald
C) Florence Nightingale
D) Dorothea Dix
Correct Answer: C) Florence Nightingale
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of modern nursing.
She established modern nursing principles, stressing cleanliness, fresh air, light,
and careful observation. Her environmental theory emphasized that the
environment plays a crucial role in patient recovery. Clara Barton founded the
American Red Cross.
4. A 40-year-old client is having an annual eye examination and has noted a
decline in visual acuity. The nurse recognizes that the most likely cause of this
symptom at this age is:
A) Cataracts
B) Presbyopia
C) Glaucoma
D) Macular degeneration
, Correct Answer: B) Presbyopia
Rationale: Presbyopia is the gradual loss of the eye's ability to focus on nearby
objects, a normal age-related change that typically begins around age 40. It is
caused by the hardening of the lens and weakening of the ciliary muscles.
Cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration are not typical age-related
changes at this age.
5. A client in early adulthood asks the nurse about managing stress at work.
Which instruction should the nurse include?
A) "Always take on extra work to prove yourself."
B) "Say no to extra work when you are already overwhelmed."
C) "Avoid discussing workload with your supervisor."
D) "Work through lunch to catch up on tasks."
Correct Answer: B) "Say no to extra work when you are already overwhelmed."
Rationale: Young adults often face work-related stress. Teaching them to set
boundaries and say no to additional responsibilities when overwhelmed is a
healthy coping strategy that helps prevent burnout. Taking on extra work,
avoiding discussion with supervisors, and working through lunch are
maladaptive coping strategies.
6. The student nurse has earned A's in all of her prerequisite courses. For the
first exam in a nursing course, she earns a D and now feels that she may not be
smart enough to become a nurse. What type of loss is the student experiencing?
A) Actual loss
(2026/2027) PDF | Nursing | Galen College
1. According to Erikson, what is the psychosocial task for the young adult (20-40
years)?
A) Identity vs. Role Confusion
B) Intimacy vs. Isolation
C) Generativity vs. Stagnation
D) Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Correct Answer: B) Intimacy vs. Isolation
Rationale: According to Erikson, the young adult stage (20-40 years) is
characterized by the psychosocial crisis of Intimacy vs. Isolation. During this
stage, individuals develop close, committed relationships with others. Identity
vs. Role Confusion is the adolescent stage. Generativity vs. Stagnation is the
middle adult stage. Ego Integrity vs. Despair is the older adult stage.
2. A home health nurse is assessing a family consisting of a married couple and
their three children. The nurse documents this family structure as:
A) Extended family
B) Blended family
C) Nuclear family
D) Single-parent family
Correct Answer: C) Nuclear family
,Rationale: A nuclear family includes one or two parents and their children. This
structure is also called the traditional family. Extended families include
additional relatives; blended families involve remarried parents with children
from prior relationships; single-parent families involve one parent raising
children alone.
3. Which historical figure is considered the founder of modern nursing and
emphasized the impact of environment on health?
A) Clara Barton
B) Lillian Wald
C) Florence Nightingale
D) Dorothea Dix
Correct Answer: C) Florence Nightingale
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of modern nursing.
She established modern nursing principles, stressing cleanliness, fresh air, light,
and careful observation. Her environmental theory emphasized that the
environment plays a crucial role in patient recovery. Clara Barton founded the
American Red Cross.
4. A 40-year-old client is having an annual eye examination and has noted a
decline in visual acuity. The nurse recognizes that the most likely cause of this
symptom at this age is:
A) Cataracts
B) Presbyopia
C) Glaucoma
D) Macular degeneration
, Correct Answer: B) Presbyopia
Rationale: Presbyopia is the gradual loss of the eye's ability to focus on nearby
objects, a normal age-related change that typically begins around age 40. It is
caused by the hardening of the lens and weakening of the ciliary muscles.
Cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration are not typical age-related
changes at this age.
5. A client in early adulthood asks the nurse about managing stress at work.
Which instruction should the nurse include?
A) "Always take on extra work to prove yourself."
B) "Say no to extra work when you are already overwhelmed."
C) "Avoid discussing workload with your supervisor."
D) "Work through lunch to catch up on tasks."
Correct Answer: B) "Say no to extra work when you are already overwhelmed."
Rationale: Young adults often face work-related stress. Teaching them to set
boundaries and say no to additional responsibilities when overwhelmed is a
healthy coping strategy that helps prevent burnout. Taking on extra work,
avoiding discussion with supervisors, and working through lunch are
maladaptive coping strategies.
6. The student nurse has earned A's in all of her prerequisite courses. For the
first exam in a nursing course, she earns a D and now feels that she may not be
smart enough to become a nurse. What type of loss is the student experiencing?
A) Actual loss
