HAN 312 Final Exam Questions and
Answers All Graded A+ 2026/2027
Newest Update.
-ectasis, -ecstasia - Answer widening/dilation
cali/o, calic/o - Answer calyx
cyst/o - Answer urinary bladder
glomerul/o - Answer glomerulus
meat/o - Answer meatus
nephr/o - Answer kidney
pyel/o - Answer renal pelvis
ren/o - Answer kidney
trigon/o - Answer trigone (region of the bladder)
ureter/o - Answer ureter
urethr/o - Answer urethra
vesic/o - Answer urinary bladder
albumin/o - Answer albumin (protein in the blood)
azot/o - Answer nitrogen
bacteri/o - Answer bacteria
,dips/o - Answer thirst
kal/o - Answer potassium
ket/o, keton/o - Answer ketone bodies
lith/o - Answer stone
natr/o - Answer sodium
noct/o - Answer night
olig/o - Answer scanty (small or insufficient in quantity or amount)
-poietin - Answer substance that forms
py/o - Answer pus
-tripsy - Answer crushing
ur/o - Answer urine (urea)
urin/o - Answer urine
-uria - Answer urination; urine condition
Functions of Urinary System - Answer - Removes nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to
urine
- maintains the proper balance of water, electrolytes and acid in body fluid (electrolytes, Na and
K, aid in nerve function
- secretes renin, important in adjusting bp, and erythropoetin, stimulates RBC production in
bone marrow
3 Steps of Urine Production - Answer 1. Glomerular Filtration
2. Tubular Reabsorption
3. Tubular Secretion
,-algia - Answer pain
-cele - Answer hernia
-graphy - Answer process of recording
-scopy - Answer visual examination
-stenosis - Answer tightening; stricture
-stomy - Answer new opening
-tomy - Answer process of cutting
-ectomy - Answer surgical removal
-plasty - Answer surgical repair
dys- - Answer bad, painful, difficult, abnormal
poly- - Answer many
mictruition - Answer process of releasing urine from the bladder
diuresis - Answer condition of excreting increased amounts of urine
dysuria - Answer bad/painful urination
enuresis - Answer involuntary discharge of urine- bedwetting
nocturia - Answer get up at night to pee
oliguria - Answer only a small amount of urine is released (scanty)
, stress urinary incontinence - Answer involuntary discharge of urine during coughing, straining,
or sudden movement
urinary retention - Answer abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder due to inability to
empty the bladder
cystolith - Answer stones in the urinary bladder
hydronephrosis - Answer abnormal condition of water in the kidney
hydroureter - Answer builder up of urine in the ureter
-iasis - Answer abnormal condition
nephrolithiasis - Answer abnormal condition of stones in the kidney
renal hypertension - Answer - high bp that results from kidney disease
- chronic hypertension damages arteries and results in stroke, heart attack, heart failure, and
renal failure
end-stage renal disease (ESRD) - Answer final phase of chronic kidney disease
renal failure - Answer an acute (ARF) or chronic (CRF) condition in which the kidney fails to
excrete urine
polycystic kidney - Answer contains masses of cysts (weight 20x more than usual weight)
renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma) - Answer cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood
bladder - Answer - most common site of malignancy of urinary system
- most diagnosable at early stage and treatable but likely to reoccur
- risk factors: males, increasing age, white, smoking, exposure to chemicals
diabetes insipidus - Answer lack of response of kidneys to ADH which prevents water from
being reabsorbed into blood through renal tubules (polydipsia, polyuria)
Answers All Graded A+ 2026/2027
Newest Update.
-ectasis, -ecstasia - Answer widening/dilation
cali/o, calic/o - Answer calyx
cyst/o - Answer urinary bladder
glomerul/o - Answer glomerulus
meat/o - Answer meatus
nephr/o - Answer kidney
pyel/o - Answer renal pelvis
ren/o - Answer kidney
trigon/o - Answer trigone (region of the bladder)
ureter/o - Answer ureter
urethr/o - Answer urethra
vesic/o - Answer urinary bladder
albumin/o - Answer albumin (protein in the blood)
azot/o - Answer nitrogen
bacteri/o - Answer bacteria
,dips/o - Answer thirst
kal/o - Answer potassium
ket/o, keton/o - Answer ketone bodies
lith/o - Answer stone
natr/o - Answer sodium
noct/o - Answer night
olig/o - Answer scanty (small or insufficient in quantity or amount)
-poietin - Answer substance that forms
py/o - Answer pus
-tripsy - Answer crushing
ur/o - Answer urine (urea)
urin/o - Answer urine
-uria - Answer urination; urine condition
Functions of Urinary System - Answer - Removes nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to
urine
- maintains the proper balance of water, electrolytes and acid in body fluid (electrolytes, Na and
K, aid in nerve function
- secretes renin, important in adjusting bp, and erythropoetin, stimulates RBC production in
bone marrow
3 Steps of Urine Production - Answer 1. Glomerular Filtration
2. Tubular Reabsorption
3. Tubular Secretion
,-algia - Answer pain
-cele - Answer hernia
-graphy - Answer process of recording
-scopy - Answer visual examination
-stenosis - Answer tightening; stricture
-stomy - Answer new opening
-tomy - Answer process of cutting
-ectomy - Answer surgical removal
-plasty - Answer surgical repair
dys- - Answer bad, painful, difficult, abnormal
poly- - Answer many
mictruition - Answer process of releasing urine from the bladder
diuresis - Answer condition of excreting increased amounts of urine
dysuria - Answer bad/painful urination
enuresis - Answer involuntary discharge of urine- bedwetting
nocturia - Answer get up at night to pee
oliguria - Answer only a small amount of urine is released (scanty)
, stress urinary incontinence - Answer involuntary discharge of urine during coughing, straining,
or sudden movement
urinary retention - Answer abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder due to inability to
empty the bladder
cystolith - Answer stones in the urinary bladder
hydronephrosis - Answer abnormal condition of water in the kidney
hydroureter - Answer builder up of urine in the ureter
-iasis - Answer abnormal condition
nephrolithiasis - Answer abnormal condition of stones in the kidney
renal hypertension - Answer - high bp that results from kidney disease
- chronic hypertension damages arteries and results in stroke, heart attack, heart failure, and
renal failure
end-stage renal disease (ESRD) - Answer final phase of chronic kidney disease
renal failure - Answer an acute (ARF) or chronic (CRF) condition in which the kidney fails to
excrete urine
polycystic kidney - Answer contains masses of cysts (weight 20x more than usual weight)
renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma) - Answer cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood
bladder - Answer - most common site of malignancy of urinary system
- most diagnosable at early stage and treatable but likely to reoccur
- risk factors: males, increasing age, white, smoking, exposure to chemicals
diabetes insipidus - Answer lack of response of kidneys to ADH which prevents water from
being reabsorbed into blood through renal tubules (polydipsia, polyuria)
