BSC 108- Exam 3 - University of
Alabama-Test Questions Well Answered
2026 Updated.
Adenine always pairs with - Answer Thymine (A=T)
Cystosine always pairs with - Answer Guanine (C=G)
nitrogen-containing bases (adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine) of the two strands are held
to each other by - Answer hydrogen bonds
a DNA molecule contains _____ strands of DNA - Answer 2
What are the three types of RNA - Answer mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
function of mRNA (messenger) - Answer carries genetic info copied from DNA
function of tRNA (transfers) - Answer deciphering code words
function of rRNA - Answer form ribosomes
What is the structure of RNA - Answer a single-stranded nucleic acid
RNA contains ____ instead of thymine - Answer Uracil
RNA contains the ____ instead of deoxyribose - Answer sugar ribose
transcription is the ______ of mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) under the direction of DNA -
Answer synthesis
transcription takes place in the _____ of the cell - Answer nucleus
information flows in a cell from ___to ___to ____ - Answer DNA, RNA, Protein
DNA makes RNA through____ - Answer transcription
,RNA makes protein through____ - Answer translation.
mutation: - Answer a change in the genetic material of a cell
point mutation: - Answer a change in one base pair of a gene
point mutation can change a gene's ________ - Answer protein product
plasmid - Answer small, circular piece of DNA located in the cytoplasm of many bacteria
genetically modified organism - Answer An organism whose genetic material has been altered
through some genetic engineering technology or technique.
transgenic organism - Answer organism that is genetically engineered by inserting a gene from
another organism
restriction enzyme - Answer Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) - Answer A laboratory technique for amplifying DNA in vitro
by incubating with special primers, DNA polymerase molecules, and nucleotides.
stem cell - Answer unspecialized cell that can develop into a specialized cell under the right
conditions
gene therapy - Answer a technique that places a gene into a cell to correct a hereditary
disease or to improve the genome
therapeutic cloning - Answer The cloning of human cells by nuclear transplantation for
therapeutic purposes, such as the generation of embryonic stem cells to treat disease.
DNA fingerprinting - Answer The analysis of DNA from samples of body tissues or fluids in
order to identify individuals.
common uses of DNA fingerprinting - Answer
adaptation: - Answer is a characteristic that helps an individual survive and reproduce.
, the two main ideas of Darwin's The Origin of Species: - Answer 1.that evolution explains life's
unity and diversity
2. that natural selection is a cause of adaptive evolution.
the Darwin's theory of natural selection: - Answer that organisms have variations, that
organisms struggle to exist, that organisms differ in fitness, that organisms that are more fit will
successfully reproduce and pass on desirable variations, and in this way organisms become
adapted to their environments.
Darwinian fitness: - Answer the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its
environment
artificial selection. - Answer Selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural
variation among different organisms
natural selection - Answer A natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best
adapted to the environment.
natural selection is the differential success in reproduction among individuals that vary in their
_______ like coloration or size. - Answer heritable traits,
______ evolve over time, not individual organisms. - Answer populations
natural selection can amplify or diminish only ______, not acquired traits. - Answer heritable
traits
environmental factors vary from place to place and time to time so that a trait that is favored in
one situation may not _______ - Answer be favored in others.
four types of evidence that supports the theory of evolution - Answer biogeographical,
embryological, fossils, DNA and biochemical evidence
homologies, or homologous structures - Answer similarities among living organisms that are
due to shared ancestry
Analogies or analogous structures - Answer similarities among living organisms that are due to
similar environmental pressures and natural selection (convergent evolution), not shared
ancestry
Alabama-Test Questions Well Answered
2026 Updated.
Adenine always pairs with - Answer Thymine (A=T)
Cystosine always pairs with - Answer Guanine (C=G)
nitrogen-containing bases (adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine) of the two strands are held
to each other by - Answer hydrogen bonds
a DNA molecule contains _____ strands of DNA - Answer 2
What are the three types of RNA - Answer mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
function of mRNA (messenger) - Answer carries genetic info copied from DNA
function of tRNA (transfers) - Answer deciphering code words
function of rRNA - Answer form ribosomes
What is the structure of RNA - Answer a single-stranded nucleic acid
RNA contains ____ instead of thymine - Answer Uracil
RNA contains the ____ instead of deoxyribose - Answer sugar ribose
transcription is the ______ of mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) under the direction of DNA -
Answer synthesis
transcription takes place in the _____ of the cell - Answer nucleus
information flows in a cell from ___to ___to ____ - Answer DNA, RNA, Protein
DNA makes RNA through____ - Answer transcription
,RNA makes protein through____ - Answer translation.
mutation: - Answer a change in the genetic material of a cell
point mutation: - Answer a change in one base pair of a gene
point mutation can change a gene's ________ - Answer protein product
plasmid - Answer small, circular piece of DNA located in the cytoplasm of many bacteria
genetically modified organism - Answer An organism whose genetic material has been altered
through some genetic engineering technology or technique.
transgenic organism - Answer organism that is genetically engineered by inserting a gene from
another organism
restriction enzyme - Answer Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) - Answer A laboratory technique for amplifying DNA in vitro
by incubating with special primers, DNA polymerase molecules, and nucleotides.
stem cell - Answer unspecialized cell that can develop into a specialized cell under the right
conditions
gene therapy - Answer a technique that places a gene into a cell to correct a hereditary
disease or to improve the genome
therapeutic cloning - Answer The cloning of human cells by nuclear transplantation for
therapeutic purposes, such as the generation of embryonic stem cells to treat disease.
DNA fingerprinting - Answer The analysis of DNA from samples of body tissues or fluids in
order to identify individuals.
common uses of DNA fingerprinting - Answer
adaptation: - Answer is a characteristic that helps an individual survive and reproduce.
, the two main ideas of Darwin's The Origin of Species: - Answer 1.that evolution explains life's
unity and diversity
2. that natural selection is a cause of adaptive evolution.
the Darwin's theory of natural selection: - Answer that organisms have variations, that
organisms struggle to exist, that organisms differ in fitness, that organisms that are more fit will
successfully reproduce and pass on desirable variations, and in this way organisms become
adapted to their environments.
Darwinian fitness: - Answer the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its
environment
artificial selection. - Answer Selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural
variation among different organisms
natural selection - Answer A natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best
adapted to the environment.
natural selection is the differential success in reproduction among individuals that vary in their
_______ like coloration or size. - Answer heritable traits,
______ evolve over time, not individual organisms. - Answer populations
natural selection can amplify or diminish only ______, not acquired traits. - Answer heritable
traits
environmental factors vary from place to place and time to time so that a trait that is favored in
one situation may not _______ - Answer be favored in others.
four types of evidence that supports the theory of evolution - Answer biogeographical,
embryological, fossils, DNA and biochemical evidence
homologies, or homologous structures - Answer similarities among living organisms that are
due to shared ancestry
Analogies or analogous structures - Answer similarities among living organisms that are due to
similar environmental pressures and natural selection (convergent evolution), not shared
ancestry
