BSC 108 -University of Alabama Exam 1
-Test Questions and Correct Answers
2026-2027 Updated.
What is an organelle? - Answer Organelles are a membrane enclosed structure with a
specialized function within a eukaryotic cell.
List three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. - Answer prokaryotic are
smaller/ simpler cells while, eukaryotic are larger and more complex cells.
prokaryotic organelles are not membrane bound, while, eukaryotic cells do have membrane
bound organelles
prokaryotic are found in bacteria and archea and eukaryotic are found in prosiest, plants, fungi,
and animals.
What is the function of the plasma membrane? - Answer protect the cell from its surroundings
Name three differences between animal and plant cells. - Answer Plant cells have central
voucules, while animals cells do not.
Plant cells have a cell walls, while while animals cells do not.
Plant cells have chloroplast, while while animals cells do not.
What are the two main components of the plasma membrane? - Answer phospholipids
Proteins
What is the function of the nucleus? - Answer To manufacture DNA
What is the function of ribosomes? - Answer make proteins
How does DNA control the cell? - Answer DNA is the code that tells the cell which types of
proteins to make. It is then thse sad proteins that control and regulate cell growth, division,
communication with other cells and most other cellular functions.
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum? - Answer Assembles proteins and lipids,
and transports
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? - Answer The golgi apparatus acts to process and
package the macro molecules such as proteins and lipids
, What is the function of the lysosomes? - Answer The function of the lysosomes are to remove
wast and destroy dead cells.
What is the function of chloroplasts? - Answer To make food through photosynthesis, and
contains chlorophyll
What is the function of the mitochondria? - Answer produce ATP
What purpose does the cytoskeleton serve? - Answer cytoskeleton gives a cell its shape, offers
support, and facilitates movement.
What types of molecules form the cytoskeleton? - Answer Cytoskelton are made up of a
protein molecule called actin.
What is the difference between kinetic energy and potential energy? - Answer Potential
energy is relative to its environment, it is stored energy in an object, while Kinetic energy is
relative to other moving or stationary objects in its environment
State the principle of conservation of energy. - Answer Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Is chemical energy considered kinetic or potential energy? - Answer potential energy
What does ATP stand for? - Answer adenosine triphosphate
What function does ATP serve inside cells? - Answer It functions as the energy source for all
cells
Describe energy coupling. - Answer It is transfer of energy from catabolism to anabolism, or it
can also be the transfer of energy from exergonic process to endergonic process.
What is the function of an enzyme? - Answer To aid in the speed of almost all chemical
reactions that take place in the cells, specifically an example is digestion
What is a substrate? - Answer The surface that an organism lives and grows on.
What is an active site? - Answer a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other
substance during a reaction.
-Test Questions and Correct Answers
2026-2027 Updated.
What is an organelle? - Answer Organelles are a membrane enclosed structure with a
specialized function within a eukaryotic cell.
List three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. - Answer prokaryotic are
smaller/ simpler cells while, eukaryotic are larger and more complex cells.
prokaryotic organelles are not membrane bound, while, eukaryotic cells do have membrane
bound organelles
prokaryotic are found in bacteria and archea and eukaryotic are found in prosiest, plants, fungi,
and animals.
What is the function of the plasma membrane? - Answer protect the cell from its surroundings
Name three differences between animal and plant cells. - Answer Plant cells have central
voucules, while animals cells do not.
Plant cells have a cell walls, while while animals cells do not.
Plant cells have chloroplast, while while animals cells do not.
What are the two main components of the plasma membrane? - Answer phospholipids
Proteins
What is the function of the nucleus? - Answer To manufacture DNA
What is the function of ribosomes? - Answer make proteins
How does DNA control the cell? - Answer DNA is the code that tells the cell which types of
proteins to make. It is then thse sad proteins that control and regulate cell growth, division,
communication with other cells and most other cellular functions.
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum? - Answer Assembles proteins and lipids,
and transports
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? - Answer The golgi apparatus acts to process and
package the macro molecules such as proteins and lipids
, What is the function of the lysosomes? - Answer The function of the lysosomes are to remove
wast and destroy dead cells.
What is the function of chloroplasts? - Answer To make food through photosynthesis, and
contains chlorophyll
What is the function of the mitochondria? - Answer produce ATP
What purpose does the cytoskeleton serve? - Answer cytoskeleton gives a cell its shape, offers
support, and facilitates movement.
What types of molecules form the cytoskeleton? - Answer Cytoskelton are made up of a
protein molecule called actin.
What is the difference between kinetic energy and potential energy? - Answer Potential
energy is relative to its environment, it is stored energy in an object, while Kinetic energy is
relative to other moving or stationary objects in its environment
State the principle of conservation of energy. - Answer Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Is chemical energy considered kinetic or potential energy? - Answer potential energy
What does ATP stand for? - Answer adenosine triphosphate
What function does ATP serve inside cells? - Answer It functions as the energy source for all
cells
Describe energy coupling. - Answer It is transfer of energy from catabolism to anabolism, or it
can also be the transfer of energy from exergonic process to endergonic process.
What is the function of an enzyme? - Answer To aid in the speed of almost all chemical
reactions that take place in the cells, specifically an example is digestion
What is a substrate? - Answer The surface that an organism lives and grows on.
What is an active site? - Answer a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other
substance during a reaction.
