Biology 108 -Yates Test 2 Study Guide
Questions and Answers.
What do all living organisms need to sustain life? - Answer energy
What is energy? - Answer the capacity to do work
What are the different types of energy? - Answer Potential: stored energy
Kinetic: energy in motion
How do we measure energy? Why? - Answer -measured in temperature
-measuring of kinetic energy where there is heat
What is the study of energy? - Answer Thermodynamics
What is a calorie? - Answer the amount of energy that raises the temperature of 1 gram of
water by 1 degree celsius
What is a Calorie? - Answer -calories in food
-kilocalorie (1000 calories)
What is the First Law of Thermodynamics? Know it and what it means. - Answer -The
conversion of energy principle
-energy cannot be created or destroyed
-you always have the same amount of energy
Why is heat lost in biological systems? - Answer -energy is hard to harness
Where does new energy come from? How is most energy lost (what form)? - Answer -new
energy comes from chemical reactions
-most energy is lost in heat (or ATP)
What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics? Know it and what it means - Answer -energy
cannot be changed from one form into another with a loss of usable energy
What is entropy? - Answer -a measure of disorder and randomness
, -all energy conversions increase the entropy of the universe
How do you make a reaction that requires energy? - Answer ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
What is activation energy? - Answer -the energy that triggers the reactants in a chemical
reaction
-triggers a chemical reaction to proceed
What is an enzyme and how do they work? - Answer -a protein that speeds up chemical
reactions
-they work by lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction
-each enzyme recognizes a specific substrate
-the active site fits to the substrate and the enzyme changes slightly
-this interaction is called an induced fit
-Enzymes are specific to their substrate
-Enzymes can function over and over again
What factors affect how well enzymes work? - Answer -specificity, pH, Temperature,
concentration of enzyme/substrate, presence of inhibitor
How does an enzyme inhibitor work? - Answer a chemical interferes with an enzyme's activity
by acting as a substrate imposter and changing the enzyme's shape, either by plugging up the
active site or binding to another site on the enzyme
What is ATP and what is it used for? - Answer Adenosine triphosphate
-energy that is currently in cells and being used for molecular work
-can be broken down to a molecule of ADP
How do you get energy from ATP? - Answer release of phosphate at the tail and transfers to
power cells, ADP
What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis? - Answer Diffusion: passive transport,
molecules spread to available space
Osmosis: passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane
What is hyper, hypo and isotonic? - Answer -Hyper: higher concentration of solute
-Hypo: lower concentration of solute
Questions and Answers.
What do all living organisms need to sustain life? - Answer energy
What is energy? - Answer the capacity to do work
What are the different types of energy? - Answer Potential: stored energy
Kinetic: energy in motion
How do we measure energy? Why? - Answer -measured in temperature
-measuring of kinetic energy where there is heat
What is the study of energy? - Answer Thermodynamics
What is a calorie? - Answer the amount of energy that raises the temperature of 1 gram of
water by 1 degree celsius
What is a Calorie? - Answer -calories in food
-kilocalorie (1000 calories)
What is the First Law of Thermodynamics? Know it and what it means. - Answer -The
conversion of energy principle
-energy cannot be created or destroyed
-you always have the same amount of energy
Why is heat lost in biological systems? - Answer -energy is hard to harness
Where does new energy come from? How is most energy lost (what form)? - Answer -new
energy comes from chemical reactions
-most energy is lost in heat (or ATP)
What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics? Know it and what it means - Answer -energy
cannot be changed from one form into another with a loss of usable energy
What is entropy? - Answer -a measure of disorder and randomness
, -all energy conversions increase the entropy of the universe
How do you make a reaction that requires energy? - Answer ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
What is activation energy? - Answer -the energy that triggers the reactants in a chemical
reaction
-triggers a chemical reaction to proceed
What is an enzyme and how do they work? - Answer -a protein that speeds up chemical
reactions
-they work by lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction
-each enzyme recognizes a specific substrate
-the active site fits to the substrate and the enzyme changes slightly
-this interaction is called an induced fit
-Enzymes are specific to their substrate
-Enzymes can function over and over again
What factors affect how well enzymes work? - Answer -specificity, pH, Temperature,
concentration of enzyme/substrate, presence of inhibitor
How does an enzyme inhibitor work? - Answer a chemical interferes with an enzyme's activity
by acting as a substrate imposter and changing the enzyme's shape, either by plugging up the
active site or binding to another site on the enzyme
What is ATP and what is it used for? - Answer Adenosine triphosphate
-energy that is currently in cells and being used for molecular work
-can be broken down to a molecule of ADP
How do you get energy from ATP? - Answer release of phosphate at the tail and transfers to
power cells, ADP
What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis? - Answer Diffusion: passive transport,
molecules spread to available space
Osmosis: passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane
What is hyper, hypo and isotonic? - Answer -Hyper: higher concentration of solute
-Hypo: lower concentration of solute
