PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT 12
1st Quarter Reviewer • Knowing the Self & Coping With Stress
Quick Study Guide
A condensed, student-friendly reviewer covering the major concepts in the
provided Grade 12 Personal Development notes.
I. KNOWING THE SELF
Self — the total, essential, or particular being of a person; the core qualities that distinguish one person from others.
The Five Aspects of Self
• Physical Body — the bodily and physical dimension of a person.
• Mind/Cognitive — thinking, reasoning, understanding, and other mental processes.
• Heart/Affective — emotions and feelings.
• Social Dimension — relationships and interaction with other people.
• Spiritual Dimension — spirituality, faith, and meaning.
My Unique Self
• Characteristics — features or descriptions of yourself (example: being tall).
• Habits — activities, interests, tendencies, and things you like to do (example: singing).
• Experiences — important moments in life that create an impact.
Self-Concept vs. Self-Esteem
Self-Concept Self-Esteem
What we think and know about our identity, personality, How much we value ourselves based on positive or
and individuality. negative feedback.
Mostly informational. Emotionally inclined.
Self-Awareness — the ability to recognize and understand your thoughts, feelings, and actions in the present moment.
• Notice your emotions.
• Understand why you feel that way.
• Be aware of how you affect others.
II. HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT
Physical Development
• Rapid development occurs during the early years of life.
• Growth toward maturity is regulated in part by genes.
• As growth continues, head-to-body proportions become more balanced.
Puberty
• The body matures and develops sexual characteristics.
, • Curiosity may arise during this stage.
• Sex hormones become active and contribute to physical and emotional changes.
Cognitive Development
Cognitive development refers to changes in intellectual abilities from birth through later development. Jean Piaget explained
this through his Theory of Intellectual Development.
Stage Age Key idea
Sensorimotor 0–2 Egocentric focus; develops object permanence.
Pre-operational 2–7 Pretend/symbolic play; developing language; imitation.
Concrete operational 7–11 Logic develops; can process others’ perceptions; abstract/hypothetical ideas
remain difficult.
Formal operational 11+ Logical thinking, deductive reasoning, comprehension, and abstract thinking
develop further.
Formal Logical Operations
• Abstract thinking
• Forming ideas and questions from observed realities
• Considering and comparing opinions
• Figuring out the process of thinking
III. SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL, MORAL & SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT
Social and Emotional Aspect
• During middle and late adolescence, socialization widens and relationships become more complex.
• A person can better distinguish an acquaintance from a friendship.
• More advanced cognitive abilities can improve interpersonal relationships.
• Adolescents need to balance time, energy, and attention across relationships and responsibilities.
• Social media can make socialization easier while making interactions less personal.
Erik Erikson
A German-born American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his Theory of Psychosocial
Development and the phrase “identity crisis.”
Moral Development
Lawrence Kohlberg expanded ideas from Piaget and developed Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development, organized into
levels with two stages each.
Spiritual Aspect
• Adolescence may involve spiritual awakening and greater awareness of the divine.
• Young people may share spiritual experiences and topics with peers.
• Adolescents may find ways to put faith into practice.
• Examples include joining campus religious ministries or clubs and participating in discussions and activities about faith.
1st Quarter Reviewer • Knowing the Self & Coping With Stress
Quick Study Guide
A condensed, student-friendly reviewer covering the major concepts in the
provided Grade 12 Personal Development notes.
I. KNOWING THE SELF
Self — the total, essential, or particular being of a person; the core qualities that distinguish one person from others.
The Five Aspects of Self
• Physical Body — the bodily and physical dimension of a person.
• Mind/Cognitive — thinking, reasoning, understanding, and other mental processes.
• Heart/Affective — emotions and feelings.
• Social Dimension — relationships and interaction with other people.
• Spiritual Dimension — spirituality, faith, and meaning.
My Unique Self
• Characteristics — features or descriptions of yourself (example: being tall).
• Habits — activities, interests, tendencies, and things you like to do (example: singing).
• Experiences — important moments in life that create an impact.
Self-Concept vs. Self-Esteem
Self-Concept Self-Esteem
What we think and know about our identity, personality, How much we value ourselves based on positive or
and individuality. negative feedback.
Mostly informational. Emotionally inclined.
Self-Awareness — the ability to recognize and understand your thoughts, feelings, and actions in the present moment.
• Notice your emotions.
• Understand why you feel that way.
• Be aware of how you affect others.
II. HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT
Physical Development
• Rapid development occurs during the early years of life.
• Growth toward maturity is regulated in part by genes.
• As growth continues, head-to-body proportions become more balanced.
Puberty
• The body matures and develops sexual characteristics.
, • Curiosity may arise during this stage.
• Sex hormones become active and contribute to physical and emotional changes.
Cognitive Development
Cognitive development refers to changes in intellectual abilities from birth through later development. Jean Piaget explained
this through his Theory of Intellectual Development.
Stage Age Key idea
Sensorimotor 0–2 Egocentric focus; develops object permanence.
Pre-operational 2–7 Pretend/symbolic play; developing language; imitation.
Concrete operational 7–11 Logic develops; can process others’ perceptions; abstract/hypothetical ideas
remain difficult.
Formal operational 11+ Logical thinking, deductive reasoning, comprehension, and abstract thinking
develop further.
Formal Logical Operations
• Abstract thinking
• Forming ideas and questions from observed realities
• Considering and comparing opinions
• Figuring out the process of thinking
III. SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL, MORAL & SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT
Social and Emotional Aspect
• During middle and late adolescence, socialization widens and relationships become more complex.
• A person can better distinguish an acquaintance from a friendship.
• More advanced cognitive abilities can improve interpersonal relationships.
• Adolescents need to balance time, energy, and attention across relationships and responsibilities.
• Social media can make socialization easier while making interactions less personal.
Erik Erikson
A German-born American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his Theory of Psychosocial
Development and the phrase “identity crisis.”
Moral Development
Lawrence Kohlberg expanded ideas from Piaget and developed Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development, organized into
levels with two stages each.
Spiritual Aspect
• Adolescence may involve spiritual awakening and greater awareness of the divine.
• Young people may share spiritual experiences and topics with peers.
• Adolescents may find ways to put faith into practice.
• Examples include joining campus religious ministries or clubs and participating in discussions and activities about faith.
