A4M written Exam Questions and Correct Answers.

A4M written Exam Questions and Correct
Answers
Question 1
T or F: omega-6 fatty acids decrease blood pressure
Correct Answer
False (although may indirectly affect BP through effects on saturated fatty acids)



Question 2
Most common cause of penile erectile dysfunction? Other causes of ED?
Correct Answer
Vascular disorders = #1 cause of ED. Other causes are psychological, hormonal, or
due to enzyme interference (PDE-5 decreases erection)



Question 3
What is Lp(a)?
Correct Answer
Is a small cholesterol particle that
causes inflammation and can clog
blood vessels.
• Research has shown that people
with high lipoprotein (a) have a 70%
higher risk of developing heart
disease over 10 years.




Page 1 of 64

,Question 4
Risk factors for simple or chronic open-angle glaucoma
Correct Answer
Clogged arteries
High blood pressure
Diabetes
Smoking
Alcohol excess
African ancestry
History of severe anemia or shock



Question 5
What is Type 2 hypothyroidism?
Correct Answer
Reduction in thyroid hormone receptor sensitivity - associated with normal serum
levels of all thyroid hormones but sx of hypothyroidism. Receptor sensitivity can be
affected by iron levels and Vitamin D.



Question 6
Antioxidants recommended in AREDS study for treatment of dry or "drusenoid" MD
Correct Answer
Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Vitmain E, zinc, copper oxide. AREDS 2 also recommend
adition of lutein, zeaxanthin, and omega 3 FA's together with original antioxidant
formulation.



Question 7
Mechanism of action of fibers on lowering dietary cholesterol

Correct Answer
Binding of bile acids and cholesterol; up regulation of LDL receptors; Increased
clearance LDL; inhibition of fatty acid synthesis; improved insulin sensitivity;
increased satiety. SOLUBLE fibers lower cholesterol.




Page 2 of 64

,Question 8
Nutrients required for beta-oxidation
Correct Answer
NAD (derived from niacin); FAD (derived from riboflavin, or B2), acetyl-CoA (derived
from thiamine, lipoic acid, and pyruvate)



Question 9
T or F: T3 therapy is antiarrhythmic
Correct Answer
T. T3 shortens the QT interval and makes lethal arrhythmias less likely.



Question 10
T or F: plasma cells are highly present in circulation
Correct Answer
False. Plasma cells reside in secondary lymphoid organs. They will accumulate in
areas of high antigen presence.



Question 11
What enzyme of the body does Metformin act on?
Correct Answer
Metformin acts on AMP kinase, which increases ATP production and deploys GLUT4,
leading to increased glucose uptake



Question 12
Supplements that may help combat sarcopenia
Correct Answer
Vitamin D; glucosamine; creatine; colostrum; whey protein; amino acids; HMB;
carnitine; omega 3 fatty acids; HRT; trace elements; human growth hormone




Page 3 of 64

, Question 13
Mechanisms of action of melatonin on inflammation
Correct Answer
- Inhibits COX-2 & Nuclar Factor Kappa Beta
- Reduces expression of inflammatory cytokines
- Most effective scavenger of hydroxyl radical
- Endogenously protects mitochondria and nuclear DNA from injury and oxidation
- Stimulates superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase
- Increases free radical scavenging and antioxidant efficacy of glutathione, Vit E, Vit
C
- Protects against cellular and DNA damage from ionizing radiation and reperfusion
injury



Question 14
Conditions associated with low lung PaCO2
Correct Answer
- Hyperventilation
- Increased respiratory rate (i.e due to metabolic acidosis)



Question 15
What are signs / symptoms of low T3 in cardiovascular disease?
Correct Answer
Bradycardia, narrowed pulse pressure, diastolic hypertension, elevated CRP,
inflammatory markers and homocysteine



Question 16
T or F: Alpha and delta tocotrienols have been shown to reduce LDL oxidation and
reduce carotid artery progression
Correct Answer
T




Page 4 of 64