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Exam 2 Test Bank & Exam Prep Guide | Maternal
and Pediatric Nursing | Galen College of Nursing |
Q & A | 2026/2027 Edition (PDF)
1. A nurse is caring for a client in active labor. The fetal heart rate tracing shows variable
decelerations. Using the VEAL CHOP mnemonic, what is the most likely cause?
A) Head compression
B) Umbilical cord compression
C) Uteroplacental insufficiency
D) Maternal hypotension
Correct Answer: B) Umbilical cord compression
Rationale: VEAL CHOP mnemonic: Variable decelerations = Cord compression; Early
decelerations = Head compression; Accelerations = OK (oxygenated); Late decelerations =
Placental insufficiency. Variable decelerations are characterized by a sudden drop in FHR with a
rapid return to baseline.
2. A pregnant patient at 28 weeks gestation presents with sudden onset of bright red vaginal
bleeding without abdominal pain. The nurse suspects which condition?
A) Placenta previa
B) Placental abruption
C) Vasa previa
D) Cervical insufficiency
,Correct Answer: A) Placenta previa
Rationale: Bright red vaginal bleeding without abdominal pain at 28 weeks is classic for placenta
previa, where the placenta covers the cervical opening. Placental abruption typically presents
with painful bleeding and a rigid, board-like uterus.
3. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for a patient with preeclampsia receiving
magnesium sulfate?
A) Monitor urinary output hourly
B) Administer calcium gluconate routinely
C) Restrict all oral fluids
D) Place patient in supine position
Correct Answer: A) Monitor urinary output hourly
Rationale: Magnesium sulfate is excreted through the kidneys, so hourly urinary output
monitoring (minimum 30 mL/hr) is essential to prevent toxicity. Calcium gluconate is the
antidote for toxicity but is not given routinely. The patient should be positioned in a lateral
position, not supine.
4. A neonate born at 32 weeks gestation requires immediate respiratory support. Which
intervention is prioritized?
A) Initiate continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
, B) Administer 100% oxygen via mask
C) Perform chest physiotherapy
D) Insert nasogastric tube
Correct Answer: A) Initiate continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Rationale: Preterm neonates often have respiratory distress syndrome due to immature lungs.
CPAP provides adequate oxygenation while maintaining alveolar expansion without the risks of
high-flow oxygen. 100% oxygen can cause oxygen toxicity; chest physiotherapy is not
appropriate in the immediate neonatal period.
5. A nurse is assessing a newborn at 1 minute after birth. The newborn has a heart rate of 110
bpm, a strong cry, active movement, a cough in response to stimulation, and pink skin all over.
What is the Apgar score?
A) 7
B) 8
C) 9
D) 10
Correct Answer: D) 10
Rationale: Apgar scoring: Heart rate 110 bpm = 2; Strong cry = 2; Active movement = 2; Cough =
2; Pink skin all over = 2. Total = 10. A score of 7-10 indicates the newborn is in good condition.
Exam 2 Test Bank & Exam Prep Guide | Maternal
and Pediatric Nursing | Galen College of Nursing |
Q & A | 2026/2027 Edition (PDF)
1. A nurse is caring for a client in active labor. The fetal heart rate tracing shows variable
decelerations. Using the VEAL CHOP mnemonic, what is the most likely cause?
A) Head compression
B) Umbilical cord compression
C) Uteroplacental insufficiency
D) Maternal hypotension
Correct Answer: B) Umbilical cord compression
Rationale: VEAL CHOP mnemonic: Variable decelerations = Cord compression; Early
decelerations = Head compression; Accelerations = OK (oxygenated); Late decelerations =
Placental insufficiency. Variable decelerations are characterized by a sudden drop in FHR with a
rapid return to baseline.
2. A pregnant patient at 28 weeks gestation presents with sudden onset of bright red vaginal
bleeding without abdominal pain. The nurse suspects which condition?
A) Placenta previa
B) Placental abruption
C) Vasa previa
D) Cervical insufficiency
,Correct Answer: A) Placenta previa
Rationale: Bright red vaginal bleeding without abdominal pain at 28 weeks is classic for placenta
previa, where the placenta covers the cervical opening. Placental abruption typically presents
with painful bleeding and a rigid, board-like uterus.
3. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for a patient with preeclampsia receiving
magnesium sulfate?
A) Monitor urinary output hourly
B) Administer calcium gluconate routinely
C) Restrict all oral fluids
D) Place patient in supine position
Correct Answer: A) Monitor urinary output hourly
Rationale: Magnesium sulfate is excreted through the kidneys, so hourly urinary output
monitoring (minimum 30 mL/hr) is essential to prevent toxicity. Calcium gluconate is the
antidote for toxicity but is not given routinely. The patient should be positioned in a lateral
position, not supine.
4. A neonate born at 32 weeks gestation requires immediate respiratory support. Which
intervention is prioritized?
A) Initiate continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
, B) Administer 100% oxygen via mask
C) Perform chest physiotherapy
D) Insert nasogastric tube
Correct Answer: A) Initiate continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Rationale: Preterm neonates often have respiratory distress syndrome due to immature lungs.
CPAP provides adequate oxygenation while maintaining alveolar expansion without the risks of
high-flow oxygen. 100% oxygen can cause oxygen toxicity; chest physiotherapy is not
appropriate in the immediate neonatal period.
5. A nurse is assessing a newborn at 1 minute after birth. The newborn has a heart rate of 110
bpm, a strong cry, active movement, a cough in response to stimulation, and pink skin all over.
What is the Apgar score?
A) 7
B) 8
C) 9
D) 10
Correct Answer: D) 10
Rationale: Apgar scoring: Heart rate 110 bpm = 2; Strong cry = 2; Active movement = 2; Cough =
2; Pink skin all over = 2. Total = 10. A score of 7-10 indicates the newborn is in good condition.
