WGU C180 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
100% VERIFIED!!!! LATEST UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+
What do psychologists study? - (ANSWER)• Biological Foundations
• Mental Life
• Change
• Self and Others
• Potential and Dysfunction
What is the scientific method and how is it applied to psychological research? - (ANSWER)The scientific
method is the set of assumptions, rules, and procedures scientists use to conduct research. In addition
to requiring that science is verifiable, the scientific method demands that procedures are free of
personal bias.
What is the definition of a hypothesis? - (ANSWER)A specific and falsifiable prediction about the
relationship between two or more variables.
What is an operational definition? Provide an example. - (ANSWER)An operational definition refers to a
precise statement of how a conceptual variable ( abstract idea that form the basis of research
hypotheses ) which is turned into a measured variable ( varialbes consisting of numbers that represent
the conceptual variables )
(Conceptual Variable) Depression - (operational definition) Number of negative words used in a creative
story; number of appointments made with a psychotherapist
Why are ethical guidelines needed within psychological research? - (ANSWER)These are needed with
psychological research is the prevent physical and/or emotional harm to the participants.
What are the various research methods in the field of psychology? - (ANSWER)Descriptive Research
Correlational Research
Experimental Research
What is descriptive research? - (ANSWER)research designed to provide a snapshot of the current state of
affairs.
,WGU C180 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
100% VERIFIED!!!! LATEST UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+
What is Correlational Research - (ANSWER)research designed to discover relationships among variables
and to allow the prediction of future events from present knowledge.
What is Experimental Research - (ANSWER)research in which there is a random assignment of research
participants into two groups. This is followed by a manipulation of a given experience for one group
while the other is not manipulated. One group is the experimental group that receives the manipulation.
The other group is the control group that does not. The two groups are then compared to determine the
influence of the manipulation.
What is the relationship between a population and a sample? - (ANSWER)The people chosen to
participate in the research, called a sample, are selected to be representative of all the people that the
researcher wishes to know about, called the population. "Sampling is the process of selecting a
representative group from the population under study. The target population is the total group of
individuals from which the sample might be drawn. A sample is the group of people who take part in the
investigation. The people who take part are referred to as "participants"."
Independent Variable - (ANSWER)The variable in an experiment that is manipulated or compared
Dependent Variable - (ANSWER)The variable in an experiment that is measured; the outcome of an
experiment
Control Group - (ANSWER)The group of subjects in an experiment that does not receive the independent
variable
Experimental Group - (ANSWER)EXPERIMENTAL GROUP is the group receiving the independent variable
What does a correlational research design examine? Provide an example. - (ANSWER)research designed
to discover relationships among variables and to allow the prediction of future events from present
knowledge.
,WGU C180 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
100% VERIFIED!!!! LATEST UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+
Describe examples of a positive and a negative correlation. - (ANSWER)Correlational-To assess the
relationships between and among two or more variables.
Postiive - As children age they get better at math
Negative - Age of a child and the number of diapers they use "Negative correlation, the variables move in
inverse, or opposite, directions. As one variable increases, the other variable decreases. For example,
there is a negative correlation between self-esteem and depression. Positive correlation is when there is
an increase in one variable it is associated with an increase in another variable. For example: with height
and weight, taller people tend to be heavier."
What are the differences in interpretations of correlational and experimental designs? - (ANSWER)In
correlational studies a researcher looks for associations among naturally occurring variables, whereas in
experimental studies the researcher introduces a change and then monitors its effects.
"An experiment isolates and manipulates the independent variable to observe its effect on the
dependent variable, and controls the environment in order that extraneous variables may be eliminated.
Experiments establish cause and effect. A correlation identifies variables and looks for a relationship
between them."
What are the four parts of a neuron and its role in neural communication? - (ANSWER)Cell Body (Soma),
Dendrites, Axon, Myelin Sheath
Cell Body (Soma) - (ANSWER)contains the nucleus of the cell and keeps the cell alive
Dendrites - (ANSWER)a branching, treelike fiber which collects information from other cells and sends
the information to the soma
Axon - (ANSWER)a long, segmented fiber which transmits information away from the cell body toward
other neurons or to the muscles and glands.
Myelin Sheath - (ANSWER)Covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses
, WGU C180 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
100% VERIFIED!!!! LATEST UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+
What is a neurotransmitter? What are a few examples? - (ANSWER)Neurochemical messengers that are
released by terminal buttons when an action potential triggers them.
Acetylocholine (ACh), Dopamine, Endorphins, GABA (Gamma Aminobuytric Acid), Glutamate, Serotonin
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine (ACh) - (ANSWER)Used in spinal cord to simulate muscle contractions
and in brain to regulate memory, sleeping and dreaming. Undersupply associated with Alzheimer's
disease.
Neurotransmitter: Dopamine - (ANSWER)Used as brains reward system. Involved in movement,
motivation, and emotion. Used in learning. Increase = Schizophrenia. Under supply = Parkinsons
Neurotransmitter: Endorphins - (ANSWER)Released in response to behaviors such as exercise, orgasm,
and eating. Nataural pain reliever. Creates a runners high
Neurotransmitter: GABA (Gamma Aminobutyric Acid) - (ANSWER)Major inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Linked to seizures. Controls fear or anxiety, keeps us calm. Too little GABA can lead to anxiety.
Neurotransmitter: Glutamate - (ANSWER)cause overstimulation, migraines, and seizures. Most common
neurotransmitter.
Neurotransmitter: Serotonin - (ANSWER)Involved in mood, appetite, sleep and aggression. Low levels
associated with depressions.
Where are neurotransmitters stored? How do they communicate between neurons? - (ANSWER)They
are stored in the axon terminal at the very end of the terminal in the very tip of the finger-like branches.
The very end is called the terminal button.
"If the signal reaches the terminal buttons, they are signaled to emit chemicals known as
neurotransmitters, which communicate with other neurons across the spaces between the cells, known
as synapses."
100% VERIFIED!!!! LATEST UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+
What do psychologists study? - (ANSWER)• Biological Foundations
• Mental Life
• Change
• Self and Others
• Potential and Dysfunction
What is the scientific method and how is it applied to psychological research? - (ANSWER)The scientific
method is the set of assumptions, rules, and procedures scientists use to conduct research. In addition
to requiring that science is verifiable, the scientific method demands that procedures are free of
personal bias.
What is the definition of a hypothesis? - (ANSWER)A specific and falsifiable prediction about the
relationship between two or more variables.
What is an operational definition? Provide an example. - (ANSWER)An operational definition refers to a
precise statement of how a conceptual variable ( abstract idea that form the basis of research
hypotheses ) which is turned into a measured variable ( varialbes consisting of numbers that represent
the conceptual variables )
(Conceptual Variable) Depression - (operational definition) Number of negative words used in a creative
story; number of appointments made with a psychotherapist
Why are ethical guidelines needed within psychological research? - (ANSWER)These are needed with
psychological research is the prevent physical and/or emotional harm to the participants.
What are the various research methods in the field of psychology? - (ANSWER)Descriptive Research
Correlational Research
Experimental Research
What is descriptive research? - (ANSWER)research designed to provide a snapshot of the current state of
affairs.
,WGU C180 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
100% VERIFIED!!!! LATEST UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+
What is Correlational Research - (ANSWER)research designed to discover relationships among variables
and to allow the prediction of future events from present knowledge.
What is Experimental Research - (ANSWER)research in which there is a random assignment of research
participants into two groups. This is followed by a manipulation of a given experience for one group
while the other is not manipulated. One group is the experimental group that receives the manipulation.
The other group is the control group that does not. The two groups are then compared to determine the
influence of the manipulation.
What is the relationship between a population and a sample? - (ANSWER)The people chosen to
participate in the research, called a sample, are selected to be representative of all the people that the
researcher wishes to know about, called the population. "Sampling is the process of selecting a
representative group from the population under study. The target population is the total group of
individuals from which the sample might be drawn. A sample is the group of people who take part in the
investigation. The people who take part are referred to as "participants"."
Independent Variable - (ANSWER)The variable in an experiment that is manipulated or compared
Dependent Variable - (ANSWER)The variable in an experiment that is measured; the outcome of an
experiment
Control Group - (ANSWER)The group of subjects in an experiment that does not receive the independent
variable
Experimental Group - (ANSWER)EXPERIMENTAL GROUP is the group receiving the independent variable
What does a correlational research design examine? Provide an example. - (ANSWER)research designed
to discover relationships among variables and to allow the prediction of future events from present
knowledge.
,WGU C180 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
100% VERIFIED!!!! LATEST UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+
Describe examples of a positive and a negative correlation. - (ANSWER)Correlational-To assess the
relationships between and among two or more variables.
Postiive - As children age they get better at math
Negative - Age of a child and the number of diapers they use "Negative correlation, the variables move in
inverse, or opposite, directions. As one variable increases, the other variable decreases. For example,
there is a negative correlation between self-esteem and depression. Positive correlation is when there is
an increase in one variable it is associated with an increase in another variable. For example: with height
and weight, taller people tend to be heavier."
What are the differences in interpretations of correlational and experimental designs? - (ANSWER)In
correlational studies a researcher looks for associations among naturally occurring variables, whereas in
experimental studies the researcher introduces a change and then monitors its effects.
"An experiment isolates and manipulates the independent variable to observe its effect on the
dependent variable, and controls the environment in order that extraneous variables may be eliminated.
Experiments establish cause and effect. A correlation identifies variables and looks for a relationship
between them."
What are the four parts of a neuron and its role in neural communication? - (ANSWER)Cell Body (Soma),
Dendrites, Axon, Myelin Sheath
Cell Body (Soma) - (ANSWER)contains the nucleus of the cell and keeps the cell alive
Dendrites - (ANSWER)a branching, treelike fiber which collects information from other cells and sends
the information to the soma
Axon - (ANSWER)a long, segmented fiber which transmits information away from the cell body toward
other neurons or to the muscles and glands.
Myelin Sheath - (ANSWER)Covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses
, WGU C180 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
100% VERIFIED!!!! LATEST UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+
What is a neurotransmitter? What are a few examples? - (ANSWER)Neurochemical messengers that are
released by terminal buttons when an action potential triggers them.
Acetylocholine (ACh), Dopamine, Endorphins, GABA (Gamma Aminobuytric Acid), Glutamate, Serotonin
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine (ACh) - (ANSWER)Used in spinal cord to simulate muscle contractions
and in brain to regulate memory, sleeping and dreaming. Undersupply associated with Alzheimer's
disease.
Neurotransmitter: Dopamine - (ANSWER)Used as brains reward system. Involved in movement,
motivation, and emotion. Used in learning. Increase = Schizophrenia. Under supply = Parkinsons
Neurotransmitter: Endorphins - (ANSWER)Released in response to behaviors such as exercise, orgasm,
and eating. Nataural pain reliever. Creates a runners high
Neurotransmitter: GABA (Gamma Aminobutyric Acid) - (ANSWER)Major inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Linked to seizures. Controls fear or anxiety, keeps us calm. Too little GABA can lead to anxiety.
Neurotransmitter: Glutamate - (ANSWER)cause overstimulation, migraines, and seizures. Most common
neurotransmitter.
Neurotransmitter: Serotonin - (ANSWER)Involved in mood, appetite, sleep and aggression. Low levels
associated with depressions.
Where are neurotransmitters stored? How do they communicate between neurons? - (ANSWER)They
are stored in the axon terminal at the very end of the terminal in the very tip of the finger-like branches.
The very end is called the terminal button.
"If the signal reaches the terminal buttons, they are signaled to emit chemicals known as
neurotransmitters, which communicate with other neurons across the spaces between the cells, known
as synapses."
