NR 602 FINAL EXAM – PRIMARY CARE CHILDBEARING
& CHILDREARING 100 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS &
CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST STUDY GUIDE (2026)
CHAMBERLAIN
1. a 3-month-old infant presents with a goopy eye that is sometimes
matted shut after naps. the conjunctiva is clear with mild crusting on the
eyelashes. what is the most likely diagnosis?
A) nasolacrimal duct obstruction
B) bacterial conjunctivitis
C) viral conjunctivitis
D) blepharitis
correct answer: a) nasolacrimal duct obstruction
rationale: clear conjunctiva with crusting in an infant suggests nasolacrimal
duct obstruction rather than infection. parents should perform lacrimal duct
massage and use warm compresses. most cases resolve spontaneously
by 6 to 12 months. bacterial conjunctivitis would cause conjunctival
injection and purulent discharge.
2. a 15-year-old male has sudden unilateral scrotal pain with nausea and
vomiting. examination shows a painful, swollen testis with increased pain
on elevation. what is the priority action?
A) prescribe doxycycline and schedule follow-up
B) refer immediately to emergency surgery for suspected testicular torsion
C) reassure the patient and apply ice
D) order outpatient scrotal ultrasound only
,correct answer: b) refer immediately to emergency surgery for suspected
testicular torsion
rationale: sudden scrotal pain with nausea, vomiting, and a negative prehn
sign is highly concerning for testicular torsion. this is a surgical emergency
because delay can cause testicular ischemia and infertility. immediate
referral is required.
3. a mother asks how to manage her 2-month-old infant's mild lacrimal duct
obstruction. which instruction is most appropriate?
A) apply antibiotic ointment four times daily
B) use cold compresses only
C) perform daily lacrimal duct massage and warm compresses
D) refer for immediate nasolacrimal duct probing
correct answer: c) perform daily lacrimal duct massage and warm compresses
rationale: lacrimal duct massage and warm compresses help open the duct
and manage obstruction. antibiotics are not needed without infection.
immediate probing is not required because most cases resolve
spontaneously by 6 to 12 months.
4. an 8-year-old child is diagnosed with new-onset type 1 diabetes with
glucose 350 mg/dl and negative ketones. what is the most appropriate
initial management?
A) start metformin only
B) restrict fluids and observe
,C) delay treatment until ketones are positive
D) admit to the hospital for initial insulin management
correct answer: d) admit to the hospital for initial insulin management
rationale: new-onset type 1 diabetes requires insulin therapy, education,
glucose monitoring, and comprehensive management. hospital admission
is appropriate for initial stabilization and family education. metformin is not
effective for type 1 diabetes.
5. during a well-woman visit, a 24-year-old reports regular 28-day
menstrual cycles. when does ovulation most likely occur?
A) approximately day 14
B) approximately day 5
C) approximately day 10
D) approximately day 25
correct answer: a) approximately day 14
rationale: in a typical 28-day cycle, ovulation occurs approximately 14 days
before the next menstrual period, commonly around day 14. the luteal
phase is relatively constant. timing can vary based on individual cycle
length.
6. which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining the
endometrial lining during the luteal phase?
A) follicle-stimulating hormone
, B) progesterone
C) luteinizing hormone
D) estrogen only
correct answer: b) progesterone
rationale: after ovulation, the corpus luteum secretes progesterone.
progesterone stabilizes and prepares the endometrium for possible
implantation and supports early pregnancy. estrogen also plays a role, but
progesterone is the primary hormone during the luteal phase.
7. a 26-year-old has a pap result of ascus with positive high-risk hpv 16.
what is the next step according to asccp guidelines?
A) repeat pap in 3 years
B) routine screening in 5 years
C) colposcopy
D) hpv vaccination only
correct answer: c) colposcopy
rationale: ascus with positive high-risk hpv 16 in a woman aged 25 or older
requires colposcopy because hpv 16 is high risk for cervical dysplasia.
routine screening or vaccination alone is not appropriate. colposcopy
allows direct visualization and biopsy if needed.
8. a pap smear result of lsil is most consistent with which histologic finding?
& CHILDREARING 100 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS &
CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST STUDY GUIDE (2026)
CHAMBERLAIN
1. a 3-month-old infant presents with a goopy eye that is sometimes
matted shut after naps. the conjunctiva is clear with mild crusting on the
eyelashes. what is the most likely diagnosis?
A) nasolacrimal duct obstruction
B) bacterial conjunctivitis
C) viral conjunctivitis
D) blepharitis
correct answer: a) nasolacrimal duct obstruction
rationale: clear conjunctiva with crusting in an infant suggests nasolacrimal
duct obstruction rather than infection. parents should perform lacrimal duct
massage and use warm compresses. most cases resolve spontaneously
by 6 to 12 months. bacterial conjunctivitis would cause conjunctival
injection and purulent discharge.
2. a 15-year-old male has sudden unilateral scrotal pain with nausea and
vomiting. examination shows a painful, swollen testis with increased pain
on elevation. what is the priority action?
A) prescribe doxycycline and schedule follow-up
B) refer immediately to emergency surgery for suspected testicular torsion
C) reassure the patient and apply ice
D) order outpatient scrotal ultrasound only
,correct answer: b) refer immediately to emergency surgery for suspected
testicular torsion
rationale: sudden scrotal pain with nausea, vomiting, and a negative prehn
sign is highly concerning for testicular torsion. this is a surgical emergency
because delay can cause testicular ischemia and infertility. immediate
referral is required.
3. a mother asks how to manage her 2-month-old infant's mild lacrimal duct
obstruction. which instruction is most appropriate?
A) apply antibiotic ointment four times daily
B) use cold compresses only
C) perform daily lacrimal duct massage and warm compresses
D) refer for immediate nasolacrimal duct probing
correct answer: c) perform daily lacrimal duct massage and warm compresses
rationale: lacrimal duct massage and warm compresses help open the duct
and manage obstruction. antibiotics are not needed without infection.
immediate probing is not required because most cases resolve
spontaneously by 6 to 12 months.
4. an 8-year-old child is diagnosed with new-onset type 1 diabetes with
glucose 350 mg/dl and negative ketones. what is the most appropriate
initial management?
A) start metformin only
B) restrict fluids and observe
,C) delay treatment until ketones are positive
D) admit to the hospital for initial insulin management
correct answer: d) admit to the hospital for initial insulin management
rationale: new-onset type 1 diabetes requires insulin therapy, education,
glucose monitoring, and comprehensive management. hospital admission
is appropriate for initial stabilization and family education. metformin is not
effective for type 1 diabetes.
5. during a well-woman visit, a 24-year-old reports regular 28-day
menstrual cycles. when does ovulation most likely occur?
A) approximately day 14
B) approximately day 5
C) approximately day 10
D) approximately day 25
correct answer: a) approximately day 14
rationale: in a typical 28-day cycle, ovulation occurs approximately 14 days
before the next menstrual period, commonly around day 14. the luteal
phase is relatively constant. timing can vary based on individual cycle
length.
6. which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining the
endometrial lining during the luteal phase?
A) follicle-stimulating hormone
, B) progesterone
C) luteinizing hormone
D) estrogen only
correct answer: b) progesterone
rationale: after ovulation, the corpus luteum secretes progesterone.
progesterone stabilizes and prepares the endometrium for possible
implantation and supports early pregnancy. estrogen also plays a role, but
progesterone is the primary hormone during the luteal phase.
7. a 26-year-old has a pap result of ascus with positive high-risk hpv 16.
what is the next step according to asccp guidelines?
A) repeat pap in 3 years
B) routine screening in 5 years
C) colposcopy
D) hpv vaccination only
correct answer: c) colposcopy
rationale: ascus with positive high-risk hpv 16 in a woman aged 25 or older
requires colposcopy because hpv 16 is high risk for cervical dysplasia.
routine screening or vaccination alone is not appropriate. colposcopy
allows direct visualization and biopsy if needed.
8. a pap smear result of lsil is most consistent with which histologic finding?
