Differential Diagnosis & Primary Care Practicum
(NR-511) WK1-2 Clinical Practicum & Key
Diagnostic Concepts Notes With Complete
Solutions 100% 2026/2027 Latest Update
Guaranteed Pass
Week 1 Objectives
1. Describe the epidemiology of HIV. (CO 1)
• Most effected in africa- low access to hc, social inequal, poor sex
prac.
• Transmitted via: unprotected sex, vag,anal,oral male2male sex
at risk, mother2child, during preg. Childbirth,breastfeed, IV drug
use share needles, blood transfuse and medical procedure
• Key factors: social determinants, access, stigma/discrimination,
culture
2. Synthesize subjective and objective data to formulate differential
diagnoses for patients across the lifespan. (COs 1, 6)
3. Select appropriate diagnostic tests or procedures while considering
risk, benefits, and cost to establish the working diagnosis. (COs 2, 5)
4. Perform practicum activities under the guidance of a clinical preceptor
with a focus on history-taking, physical exam skills, prioritizing patient
complaints, and developing a differential diagnosis at a novice level.
(COs 2, 5, 6)
5. Apply evidence-based clinical practice guidelines in the systematic
clinical decision-making process. (COs 3, 4)
6. Discuss practicum site details and tentative schedule. (COs 5, 6)
7. Identify feelings about starting the first clinical practicum. (COs 5, 6)
8. Identify potential barriers to successful completion of practicum
requirements. (COs 5, 6)
Main topics week1
1. Uniqueness of Primary Care
2. Formulating a Differential Diagnosis
3. Medical Decision Making
4. Sensitivity/Specificity
5. Clinical Reasoning and Asking Clinical Questions
,6. Billing and Coding
7. Basic Diagnostic Tests
8. Preparing for Practicum
, CH4 The Art of Diagnosis and Treatment
key takeaways
Element of Diagnostic Process pg42
History- HPI- OLDCARTS
PMH- gives possible risk factors, includes childhood illness, surgery,
hospitalization, trauma pregnancies, psych, travel, cancer. Prescription meds,
otc, immunization and allergies
FH- attempt to gather info 2 generations back
SH- work, alcohol, smoke, drug use
ROS- body systems subjective
Physical Exam- clarify diagnostic hypotheses and find unanticipated
problems, objective findings
Diagnostic tests-pg46- confirm or rule out or screen. Diagnostic tests vary in
their usefulness, based on their sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value.
Prevalence of a condition is the number of cases present in a given
population at a particular point in time. incidence of a condition reflects the
total number of cases during a specified time period.
-The sensitivity of a test is greater when it has few false negatives.
Sensitivity equals the number of true positives for a test divided by the
number of tested individuals who truly have the disease. The specificity of a
test is greater when it has few false positives. The specificity of a test is
equal to the number of true negatives divided by the number of all tested
individuals who do not have the disease
Positive predictive value is equal to true positives divided by all positives.
Negative predictive value is equal to true negatives divided by all negatives.
Predictive value is in part dependent on the prevalence of the condition. If a
condition is highly likely, a positive test result is more likely to be accurate. If
a condition is very unlikely, a positive test result needs to be questioned,
Differential diagnosis- skin in technique ex: chest pain :think of skin 1st dx,
tissue, muscle, bone, all the way to the heart?
Management plan-Consider billing services: International classification of
disease ICD codes and Current Procedural Terminology CPT code for
treatment
Pg49 Current DX process trends
EBP
Shared decision making- multi options, involve patient and family-
inform
Outcome considerations
(NR-511) WK1-2 Clinical Practicum & Key
Diagnostic Concepts Notes With Complete
Solutions 100% 2026/2027 Latest Update
Guaranteed Pass
Week 1 Objectives
1. Describe the epidemiology of HIV. (CO 1)
• Most effected in africa- low access to hc, social inequal, poor sex
prac.
• Transmitted via: unprotected sex, vag,anal,oral male2male sex
at risk, mother2child, during preg. Childbirth,breastfeed, IV drug
use share needles, blood transfuse and medical procedure
• Key factors: social determinants, access, stigma/discrimination,
culture
2. Synthesize subjective and objective data to formulate differential
diagnoses for patients across the lifespan. (COs 1, 6)
3. Select appropriate diagnostic tests or procedures while considering
risk, benefits, and cost to establish the working diagnosis. (COs 2, 5)
4. Perform practicum activities under the guidance of a clinical preceptor
with a focus on history-taking, physical exam skills, prioritizing patient
complaints, and developing a differential diagnosis at a novice level.
(COs 2, 5, 6)
5. Apply evidence-based clinical practice guidelines in the systematic
clinical decision-making process. (COs 3, 4)
6. Discuss practicum site details and tentative schedule. (COs 5, 6)
7. Identify feelings about starting the first clinical practicum. (COs 5, 6)
8. Identify potential barriers to successful completion of practicum
requirements. (COs 5, 6)
Main topics week1
1. Uniqueness of Primary Care
2. Formulating a Differential Diagnosis
3. Medical Decision Making
4. Sensitivity/Specificity
5. Clinical Reasoning and Asking Clinical Questions
,6. Billing and Coding
7. Basic Diagnostic Tests
8. Preparing for Practicum
, CH4 The Art of Diagnosis and Treatment
key takeaways
Element of Diagnostic Process pg42
History- HPI- OLDCARTS
PMH- gives possible risk factors, includes childhood illness, surgery,
hospitalization, trauma pregnancies, psych, travel, cancer. Prescription meds,
otc, immunization and allergies
FH- attempt to gather info 2 generations back
SH- work, alcohol, smoke, drug use
ROS- body systems subjective
Physical Exam- clarify diagnostic hypotheses and find unanticipated
problems, objective findings
Diagnostic tests-pg46- confirm or rule out or screen. Diagnostic tests vary in
their usefulness, based on their sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value.
Prevalence of a condition is the number of cases present in a given
population at a particular point in time. incidence of a condition reflects the
total number of cases during a specified time period.
-The sensitivity of a test is greater when it has few false negatives.
Sensitivity equals the number of true positives for a test divided by the
number of tested individuals who truly have the disease. The specificity of a
test is greater when it has few false positives. The specificity of a test is
equal to the number of true negatives divided by the number of all tested
individuals who do not have the disease
Positive predictive value is equal to true positives divided by all positives.
Negative predictive value is equal to true negatives divided by all negatives.
Predictive value is in part dependent on the prevalence of the condition. If a
condition is highly likely, a positive test result is more likely to be accurate. If
a condition is very unlikely, a positive test result needs to be questioned,
Differential diagnosis- skin in technique ex: chest pain :think of skin 1st dx,
tissue, muscle, bone, all the way to the heart?
Management plan-Consider billing services: International classification of
disease ICD codes and Current Procedural Terminology CPT code for
treatment
Pg49 Current DX process trends
EBP
Shared decision making- multi options, involve patient and family-
inform
Outcome considerations
