NR 601 FINAL EXAM – PRIMARY CARE OF THE
MATURING & AGED FAMILY 100 COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST STUDY
GUIDE (2026) CHAMBERLAIN
1. Which tool is the most efficient initial cognitive screen for an older adult
with memory complaints in primary care?
A) Mini-Cog
B) PHQ-9
C) CAM
D) MMSE
Correct Answer: A) Mini-Cog
Rationale: The Mini-Cog is a brief, valid 3-item recall plus clock-drawing
test that is ideal for initial cognitive screening. PHQ-9 screens depression,
CAM evaluates delirium, and MMSE is longer with copyright limitations.
The Mini-Cog is practical for primary care.
2. Age-related decline in glomerular filtration rate most significantly
affects which drug property?
A) Absorption rate
B) Clearance of water-soluble drugs and metabolites
C) Protein binding only
D) Volume of distribution only
Correct Answer: B) Clearance of water-soluble drugs and metabolites
,Rationale: Reduced glomerular filtration rate decreases renal clearance of
water-soluble drugs and active metabolites, increasing toxicity risk.
Absorption, protein binding, and volume of distribution are less directly
affected by GFR decline.
3. Which instrument is specifically designed to detect delirium rather
than dementia?
A) Mini-Cog
B) PHQ-9
C) Confusion Assessment Method
D) MMSE
Correct Answer: C) Confusion Assessment Method
Rationale: The Confusion Assessment Method identifies acute onset,
fluctuating course, inattention, and disorganized thinking characteristic of
delirium. Mini-Cog and MMSE screen dementia, while PHQ-9 screens
depression.
4. A 68-year-old has generalized anxiety disorder with insomnia and
irritability. Which medication is the most appropriate first-line option?
A) Diazepam
B) Clonazepam
C) Aripiprazole
D) Paroxetine
Correct Answer: D) Paroxetine
,Rationale: SSRIs such as paroxetine, sertraline, and escitalopram are first-
line for anxiety in older adults because of favorable safety profiles.
Benzodiazepines like diazepam and clonazepam increase fall and
cognitive risks, and aripiprazole is not first-line.
5. A 56-year-old has a fasting plasma glucose of 96 mg/dL. Which
interpretation is correct?
A) Normal
B) Prediabetes
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Impaired fasting glucose
Correct Answer: A) Normal
Rationale: A fasting plasma glucose below 100 mg/dL is normal.
Prediabetes is 100 to 125 mg/dL, and diabetes is 126 mg/dL or higher. No
immediate intervention is needed, and routine repeat screening can be
performed.
6. Which factor is the number one risk factor for urinary incontinence in
older adults?
A) Obesity
B) Diabetes
C) Smoking
D) Multiple sclerosis
, Correct Answer: B) Diabetes
Rationale: Diabetes is the leading risk factor for urinary incontinence.
Hyperglycemia causes osmotic diuresis, increased urine volume, and
bladder dysfunction over time. Obesity, smoking, and neurologic disease
also contribute but less commonly.
7. A blood pressure of 148/92 mm Hg is classified by JNC 8 as which stage?
A) Normal
B) Elevated
C) Stage 1 hypertension
D) Stage 2 hypertension
Correct Answer: C) Stage 1 hypertension
Rationale: JNC 8 defines stage 1 hypertension as systolic 140 to 159 or
diastolic 90 to 99 mm Hg. Stage 2 is systolic at least 160 or diastolic at
least 100. This reading requires antihypertensive therapy.
8. Which of the following is considered a geriatric syndrome?
A) Appendicitis
B) Migraine
C) Cellulitis
D) Falls
Correct Answer: D) Falls
MATURING & AGED FAMILY 100 COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST STUDY
GUIDE (2026) CHAMBERLAIN
1. Which tool is the most efficient initial cognitive screen for an older adult
with memory complaints in primary care?
A) Mini-Cog
B) PHQ-9
C) CAM
D) MMSE
Correct Answer: A) Mini-Cog
Rationale: The Mini-Cog is a brief, valid 3-item recall plus clock-drawing
test that is ideal for initial cognitive screening. PHQ-9 screens depression,
CAM evaluates delirium, and MMSE is longer with copyright limitations.
The Mini-Cog is practical for primary care.
2. Age-related decline in glomerular filtration rate most significantly
affects which drug property?
A) Absorption rate
B) Clearance of water-soluble drugs and metabolites
C) Protein binding only
D) Volume of distribution only
Correct Answer: B) Clearance of water-soluble drugs and metabolites
,Rationale: Reduced glomerular filtration rate decreases renal clearance of
water-soluble drugs and active metabolites, increasing toxicity risk.
Absorption, protein binding, and volume of distribution are less directly
affected by GFR decline.
3. Which instrument is specifically designed to detect delirium rather
than dementia?
A) Mini-Cog
B) PHQ-9
C) Confusion Assessment Method
D) MMSE
Correct Answer: C) Confusion Assessment Method
Rationale: The Confusion Assessment Method identifies acute onset,
fluctuating course, inattention, and disorganized thinking characteristic of
delirium. Mini-Cog and MMSE screen dementia, while PHQ-9 screens
depression.
4. A 68-year-old has generalized anxiety disorder with insomnia and
irritability. Which medication is the most appropriate first-line option?
A) Diazepam
B) Clonazepam
C) Aripiprazole
D) Paroxetine
Correct Answer: D) Paroxetine
,Rationale: SSRIs such as paroxetine, sertraline, and escitalopram are first-
line for anxiety in older adults because of favorable safety profiles.
Benzodiazepines like diazepam and clonazepam increase fall and
cognitive risks, and aripiprazole is not first-line.
5. A 56-year-old has a fasting plasma glucose of 96 mg/dL. Which
interpretation is correct?
A) Normal
B) Prediabetes
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Impaired fasting glucose
Correct Answer: A) Normal
Rationale: A fasting plasma glucose below 100 mg/dL is normal.
Prediabetes is 100 to 125 mg/dL, and diabetes is 126 mg/dL or higher. No
immediate intervention is needed, and routine repeat screening can be
performed.
6. Which factor is the number one risk factor for urinary incontinence in
older adults?
A) Obesity
B) Diabetes
C) Smoking
D) Multiple sclerosis
, Correct Answer: B) Diabetes
Rationale: Diabetes is the leading risk factor for urinary incontinence.
Hyperglycemia causes osmotic diuresis, increased urine volume, and
bladder dysfunction over time. Obesity, smoking, and neurologic disease
also contribute but less commonly.
7. A blood pressure of 148/92 mm Hg is classified by JNC 8 as which stage?
A) Normal
B) Elevated
C) Stage 1 hypertension
D) Stage 2 hypertension
Correct Answer: C) Stage 1 hypertension
Rationale: JNC 8 defines stage 1 hypertension as systolic 140 to 159 or
diastolic 90 to 99 mm Hg. Stage 2 is systolic at least 160 or diastolic at
least 100. This reading requires antihypertensive therapy.
8. Which of the following is considered a geriatric syndrome?
A) Appendicitis
B) Migraine
C) Cellulitis
D) Falls
Correct Answer: D) Falls
