BSC 216- Hicks-Exam 1 Questions with
Solved Solutions 2026-2027 Updated.
Blood - Answer A liquid connective tissue consisting of cells and extracellular matrix
Plasma - Answer Fluid matrix of blood (clear, light yellow fluid)
Formed elements - Answer Blood cells and cell fragments
(Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets)
Erythrocytes - Answer red blood cells (RBCs)- oxygen carriers
Platelets - Answer Blood clotting. Cell fragments from special cell in bone marrow
Leukocytes - Answer White blood cells (WBCs)
Five types divided into two categories: Granulocytes and a granulocytes
Neutrophil - Answer -Granulocyte
-Bacterial clean-up (phagocytosis)
-Nucleus has 3-5 lobes
Eosinophil - Answer -Granulocyte
-Fight parasites/appear after allergic reaction
-Bilobed nucleus
Basophil - Answer -Granulocyte
-Histamine function
-Nucleus is S-shaped
Lymphocyte - Answer -Agranulocyte
-immune response
-Nucleus is spherical
Monocyte - Answer -Agranulocyte
-Cellular debris clean up
-Nucleus is U-shaped
Blood type - Answer Dependent on cell surface proteins (antigens) on RBC
Hemolysis - Answer Donation of incompatible blood types leads to __________ or a
transfusion reaction
Blood functions - Answer -Transport of oxygen, wastes, signaling molecules (hormones)
-Protection against blood loss (clotting) and infection (immune system)
-Regulation of body temperature, pH (buffering; bicarbonate), fluid volume
Albumin - Answer Smallest and most abundant plasma protein. Contribute to viscosity and
osmolarity; influence blood pressure, flow, and fluid balance
Globulin - Answer Antibodies
, •Provide immune system functions
•Alpha, beta, and gamma globulins
•Transport proteins
Fibrinogen and other clotting proteins - Answer precursor of fibrin threads that help form
blood clots
Hemoglobin - Answer Binds reversibly with oxygen
-Consists of 4 protein chains called Globins (2 a, 2 b)
-Each polypeptide chain bound to ring-like heme group
-Each heme group contains one iron atom
-Each iron atom can bind reversibly with one molecule of oxygen (O2)
Hemopoiesis - Answer Production of blood, especially its formed elements
hemopoietic stem cells (HSC) - Answer •HSCs multiply to maintain persistent population in
bone marrow
•Some become Colony-forming units (CFU)—specialized stem cells only producing one class of
formed element of blood (commitment)
Erthythroblasts - Answer (normoblast) multiply and synthesize hemoglobin
-Nucleus discarded to form a reticulocyte (still has ribosomes)
erythropoietin (EPO) - Answer Negative feedback control
-Drop in RBC count causes kidney hypoxemia
-Kidney production of ________________________ stimulates bone marrow
three main causes of anemia - Answer 1.Decreased hemoglobin
2. Decreased hematocrit
3. Abnormal hemoglobin
iron deficiency anemia - Answer insufficient iron ingestion or absorption (nutritional anemia)
Pernicious anemia - Answer problems with B12 vitamin absorption and protein (hemoglobin)
synthesis (nutritional anemia)
Leukopoiesis - Answer -Production of white blood cells
-WBCs are formed from the same Hemopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) as erythropoiesis
-Some differentiate into distinct CFUs (committed)
Myeloblast - Answer Form neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Monoblast - Answer form monocytes
Lymphoblast - Answer Give rise to all forms of lymphocytes
Thrombopoietin - Answer Hormone ________________ initiates megakaryocyte formation
Hemostasis steps - Answer 1. vascular spasm
2. platelet plug formation
3. fibrin mesh formation (coagulation)
Solved Solutions 2026-2027 Updated.
Blood - Answer A liquid connective tissue consisting of cells and extracellular matrix
Plasma - Answer Fluid matrix of blood (clear, light yellow fluid)
Formed elements - Answer Blood cells and cell fragments
(Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets)
Erythrocytes - Answer red blood cells (RBCs)- oxygen carriers
Platelets - Answer Blood clotting. Cell fragments from special cell in bone marrow
Leukocytes - Answer White blood cells (WBCs)
Five types divided into two categories: Granulocytes and a granulocytes
Neutrophil - Answer -Granulocyte
-Bacterial clean-up (phagocytosis)
-Nucleus has 3-5 lobes
Eosinophil - Answer -Granulocyte
-Fight parasites/appear after allergic reaction
-Bilobed nucleus
Basophil - Answer -Granulocyte
-Histamine function
-Nucleus is S-shaped
Lymphocyte - Answer -Agranulocyte
-immune response
-Nucleus is spherical
Monocyte - Answer -Agranulocyte
-Cellular debris clean up
-Nucleus is U-shaped
Blood type - Answer Dependent on cell surface proteins (antigens) on RBC
Hemolysis - Answer Donation of incompatible blood types leads to __________ or a
transfusion reaction
Blood functions - Answer -Transport of oxygen, wastes, signaling molecules (hormones)
-Protection against blood loss (clotting) and infection (immune system)
-Regulation of body temperature, pH (buffering; bicarbonate), fluid volume
Albumin - Answer Smallest and most abundant plasma protein. Contribute to viscosity and
osmolarity; influence blood pressure, flow, and fluid balance
Globulin - Answer Antibodies
, •Provide immune system functions
•Alpha, beta, and gamma globulins
•Transport proteins
Fibrinogen and other clotting proteins - Answer precursor of fibrin threads that help form
blood clots
Hemoglobin - Answer Binds reversibly with oxygen
-Consists of 4 protein chains called Globins (2 a, 2 b)
-Each polypeptide chain bound to ring-like heme group
-Each heme group contains one iron atom
-Each iron atom can bind reversibly with one molecule of oxygen (O2)
Hemopoiesis - Answer Production of blood, especially its formed elements
hemopoietic stem cells (HSC) - Answer •HSCs multiply to maintain persistent population in
bone marrow
•Some become Colony-forming units (CFU)—specialized stem cells only producing one class of
formed element of blood (commitment)
Erthythroblasts - Answer (normoblast) multiply and synthesize hemoglobin
-Nucleus discarded to form a reticulocyte (still has ribosomes)
erythropoietin (EPO) - Answer Negative feedback control
-Drop in RBC count causes kidney hypoxemia
-Kidney production of ________________________ stimulates bone marrow
three main causes of anemia - Answer 1.Decreased hemoglobin
2. Decreased hematocrit
3. Abnormal hemoglobin
iron deficiency anemia - Answer insufficient iron ingestion or absorption (nutritional anemia)
Pernicious anemia - Answer problems with B12 vitamin absorption and protein (hemoglobin)
synthesis (nutritional anemia)
Leukopoiesis - Answer -Production of white blood cells
-WBCs are formed from the same Hemopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) as erythropoiesis
-Some differentiate into distinct CFUs (committed)
Myeloblast - Answer Form neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Monoblast - Answer form monocytes
Lymphoblast - Answer Give rise to all forms of lymphocytes
Thrombopoietin - Answer Hormone ________________ initiates megakaryocyte formation
Hemostasis steps - Answer 1. vascular spasm
2. platelet plug formation
3. fibrin mesh formation (coagulation)
