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NUR 265 Advanced Medical-Surgical Nursing UPDATED NEW!!!!!! Examinations
Original Questions with Answers & Rationales | Exams 1–3 \ 2026 | 2027
UPDATE!!!!! 100% CORRECT
Course Overview
Exam Content Focus
Exam Critical Care Concepts, Hemodynamics &
1 Shock
Exam Respiratory, Cardiac & Neurologic
2 Emergencies
Exam Multi-System Failure, Trauma & Emergency
3 Nursing
EXAM 1: Critical Care Concepts, Hemodynamics & Shock
1. A nurse is caring for a client with a pulmonary artery
catheter. The nurse notes a pulmonary artery wedge pressure
(PAWP) of 18 mmHg. What does this finding indicate?
A. Hypovolemia
B. Left ventricular failure or fluid overload
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/performance
C. Right ventricular failure
D. Normal finding
Answer: B
Rationale: Normal PAWP is 8–12 mmHg. An elevated PAWP
(>12 mmHg) indicates increased left ventricular end-diastolic
pressure, suggesting left ventricular failure or fluid overload.
2. What is the normal range for central venous pressure (CVP)?
A. 0–2 mmHg
B. 2–8 mmHg
C. 10–15 mmHg
D. 15–20 mmHg
Answer: B
Rationale: Normal CVP is 2–8 mmHg. It reflects right ventricular
preload and fluid status.
3. A nurse notes a CVP of 2 mmHg in a client with suspected
hypovolemia. What is the priority intervention?
A. Administer diuretics
B. Administer IV fluids as prescribed
C. Restrict fluids
D. No intervention needed
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Answer: B
Rationale: A low CVP (<2 mmHg) indicates hypovolemia and the
need for fluid resuscitation.
4. What is the normal cardiac output (CO) for an adult?
A. 1–2 L/min
B. 4–8 L/min
C. 10–15 L/min
D. 15–20 L/min
Answer: B
Rationale: Normal cardiac output is 4–8 L/min, calculated as
heart rate × stroke volume.
5. What is the normal cardiac index (CI)?
A. 1.0–1.5 L/min/m²
B. 2.5–4.0 L/min/m²
C. 5.0–6.0 L/min/m²
D. 7.0–8.0 L/min/m²
Answer: B
Rationale: Normal cardiac index is 2.5–4.0 L/min/m², calculated
as cardiac output divided by body surface area.
, https://www.stuvia.com/user/performance
6. What is the formula for calculating mean arterial pressure
(MAP)?
A. MAP = SBP + DBP
B. MAP = SBP + 2(DBP) ÷ 3
C. MAP = SBP – DBP
D. MAP = SBP × DBP
Answer: B
Rationale: MAP = (Systolic BP + 2 × Diastolic BP) ÷ 3. It
represents the average perfusion pressure.
7. What is the minimum MAP required for adequate organ
perfusion?
A. 40 mmHg
B. 60–65 mmHg
C. 80 mmHg
D. 100 mmHg
Answer: B
Rationale: A MAP of at least 60–65 mmHg is required to
perfuse vital organs (brain, kidneys, heart).
8. What is the first-line vasopressor for septic shock?
A. Dopamine
B. Norepinephrine
NUR 265 Advanced Medical-Surgical Nursing UPDATED NEW!!!!!! Examinations
Original Questions with Answers & Rationales | Exams 1–3 \ 2026 | 2027
UPDATE!!!!! 100% CORRECT
Course Overview
Exam Content Focus
Exam Critical Care Concepts, Hemodynamics &
1 Shock
Exam Respiratory, Cardiac & Neurologic
2 Emergencies
Exam Multi-System Failure, Trauma & Emergency
3 Nursing
EXAM 1: Critical Care Concepts, Hemodynamics & Shock
1. A nurse is caring for a client with a pulmonary artery
catheter. The nurse notes a pulmonary artery wedge pressure
(PAWP) of 18 mmHg. What does this finding indicate?
A. Hypovolemia
B. Left ventricular failure or fluid overload
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/performance
C. Right ventricular failure
D. Normal finding
Answer: B
Rationale: Normal PAWP is 8–12 mmHg. An elevated PAWP
(>12 mmHg) indicates increased left ventricular end-diastolic
pressure, suggesting left ventricular failure or fluid overload.
2. What is the normal range for central venous pressure (CVP)?
A. 0–2 mmHg
B. 2–8 mmHg
C. 10–15 mmHg
D. 15–20 mmHg
Answer: B
Rationale: Normal CVP is 2–8 mmHg. It reflects right ventricular
preload and fluid status.
3. A nurse notes a CVP of 2 mmHg in a client with suspected
hypovolemia. What is the priority intervention?
A. Administer diuretics
B. Administer IV fluids as prescribed
C. Restrict fluids
D. No intervention needed
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/performance
Answer: B
Rationale: A low CVP (<2 mmHg) indicates hypovolemia and the
need for fluid resuscitation.
4. What is the normal cardiac output (CO) for an adult?
A. 1–2 L/min
B. 4–8 L/min
C. 10–15 L/min
D. 15–20 L/min
Answer: B
Rationale: Normal cardiac output is 4–8 L/min, calculated as
heart rate × stroke volume.
5. What is the normal cardiac index (CI)?
A. 1.0–1.5 L/min/m²
B. 2.5–4.0 L/min/m²
C. 5.0–6.0 L/min/m²
D. 7.0–8.0 L/min/m²
Answer: B
Rationale: Normal cardiac index is 2.5–4.0 L/min/m², calculated
as cardiac output divided by body surface area.
, https://www.stuvia.com/user/performance
6. What is the formula for calculating mean arterial pressure
(MAP)?
A. MAP = SBP + DBP
B. MAP = SBP + 2(DBP) ÷ 3
C. MAP = SBP – DBP
D. MAP = SBP × DBP
Answer: B
Rationale: MAP = (Systolic BP + 2 × Diastolic BP) ÷ 3. It
represents the average perfusion pressure.
7. What is the minimum MAP required for adequate organ
perfusion?
A. 40 mmHg
B. 60–65 mmHg
C. 80 mmHg
D. 100 mmHg
Answer: B
Rationale: A MAP of at least 60–65 mmHg is required to
perfuse vital organs (brain, kidneys, heart).
8. What is the first-line vasopressor for septic shock?
A. Dopamine
B. Norepinephrine
