Exam1 Davis Edge Practice Questions NUR 113
(F&E, Acid Base Balance, Rated A+
The nurse is caring for a patient with a potassium level of 2.8 mEq/L. Which
assessment change related to this is most concerning?
The patient feels lightheaded when getting out of bed.
The patient has tremors when stretching arms out straight.
The patient has bone pain and joint stiffness.
The patient feels palpitations and has an irregular pulse - ANSWER The
patient feels palpitations and has an irregular pulse
The nurse is caring for a patient with celiac disease who lacks vitamin D
absorption. What conclusion can the nurse make with this assessment
finding?
The patient is severely dehydrated.
This is a normal finding.
The magnesium level is high.
The patient has a low calcium level. - ANSWER The patient has a low
calcium level.
The nurse is admitting a patient with confusion and hallucinations. The
laboratory report shows hyponatremia, normal potassium,
hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia. What priority actions should the
nurse take? Select all that apply.
Complete a thorough neurological assessment.
Assess for an irregular pulse.
Implement fall precautions.
Determine how much alcohol the patient drinks.
Evaluate for tremors and muscle weakness. - ANSWER Complete a
thorough neurological assessment.
Assess for an irregular pulse.
Implement fall precautions.
,Determine how much alcohol the patient drinks.
Evaluate for tremors and muscle weakness.
The nurse is assessing a patient with a positive Chvostek's sign. Which
actions are a priority? Select all that apply.
Assess lung sounds.
Request a soft diet.
Evaluate the phosphorus level.
Assess for thrombosis and clots.
Monitor for cardiac dysrhythmias. - ANSWER Assess lung sounds.
Request a soft diet.
Evaluate the phosphorus level.
Monitor for cardiac dysrhythmias.
The nurse is completing discharge instructions for a patient with
hyperphosphatemia secondary to chronic renal failure. Which statement by
the nurse is correct?
"You should increase your intake of water and fruit juice daily."
"I encourage you to explore high calcium foods that are low in phosphorus."
"You will want to limit your intake of potassium-containing foods like
spinach and bananas."
"It is important to increase your intake of sodium rich foods like processed
meats and canned soups." - ANSWER "I encourage you to explore high
calcium foods that are low in phosphorus."
A nurse assessing a patient recovering from surgery notices an increased
thirst, urine output, and the inability to swallow. The patient's laboratory
report indicates a serum magnesium level of 1.4 mEq/L. What treatment
should the nurse request from the healthcare provider?
Calcium gluconate 100 to 200 mg 10% solution IV continuous infusion (2 to
4 mg/kg/h)
Magnesium sulfate 2 to 4 g 50% solution diluted in 5% dextrose in water
(D5W) intravenously.
Bisphosphates intravenously or calcitonin intramuscularly or
subcutaneously.
50% dextrose, 25 to 40 g with 10 units of short-acting insulin intravenously.
- ANSWER Magnesium sulfate 2 to 4 g 50% solution diluted in 5% dextrose
in water (D5W) intravenously.
, The nurse is caring for an older adult who is unable to swallow and
receiving a hypertonic nutritional supplement through an enteral tube. The
nurse notes that the laboratory report shows hypernatremia. What action
should the nurse take?
Administer a hypertonic saline solution intravenously at a rate of about 1
mL/kg/hour.
Monitor the weight and serum sodium level of the patient daily.
Monitor for changes in the level of consciousness, respiratory effort, and
muscle control.
Administer an intravenous glucose solution at 2 to 3 mL/kg/hour. -
ANSWER Monitor the weight and serum sodium level of the patient daily.
Rationale: when caring for a pt who is receiving hypertonic enteral feeding,
the nurse should monitor the wt and serum sodium level of the pt daily to
monitor for hypernatremia
The nurse is caring for a patient with adrenal cortex insufficiency (Addison's
disease) with a lack of aldosterone production. Which electrolyte should the
nurse monitor most closely?
Magnesium
Sodium
Calcium
Phosphorus - ANSWER Sodium
Rationale: aldosterone release increases sodium. When there is a lack of
aldosterone, there is a lack of sodium causing hyponatremia. Additionally,
the potassium will increase.
A registered nurse is caring for a patient experiencing fluid volume excess.
Which assessment finding is anticipated?
Dry mucous membranes
Oliguria
Concentrated urine output
Edema - ANSWER Edema
The nurse is caring for a patient in metabolic acidosis with a potassium
level of 6.0 mEq/L. What is the nurse's priority action?
Place the patient on an electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor.
Obtain a baseline weight.
Deliver spironolactone orally.
(F&E, Acid Base Balance, Rated A+
The nurse is caring for a patient with a potassium level of 2.8 mEq/L. Which
assessment change related to this is most concerning?
The patient feels lightheaded when getting out of bed.
The patient has tremors when stretching arms out straight.
The patient has bone pain and joint stiffness.
The patient feels palpitations and has an irregular pulse - ANSWER The
patient feels palpitations and has an irregular pulse
The nurse is caring for a patient with celiac disease who lacks vitamin D
absorption. What conclusion can the nurse make with this assessment
finding?
The patient is severely dehydrated.
This is a normal finding.
The magnesium level is high.
The patient has a low calcium level. - ANSWER The patient has a low
calcium level.
The nurse is admitting a patient with confusion and hallucinations. The
laboratory report shows hyponatremia, normal potassium,
hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia. What priority actions should the
nurse take? Select all that apply.
Complete a thorough neurological assessment.
Assess for an irregular pulse.
Implement fall precautions.
Determine how much alcohol the patient drinks.
Evaluate for tremors and muscle weakness. - ANSWER Complete a
thorough neurological assessment.
Assess for an irregular pulse.
Implement fall precautions.
,Determine how much alcohol the patient drinks.
Evaluate for tremors and muscle weakness.
The nurse is assessing a patient with a positive Chvostek's sign. Which
actions are a priority? Select all that apply.
Assess lung sounds.
Request a soft diet.
Evaluate the phosphorus level.
Assess for thrombosis and clots.
Monitor for cardiac dysrhythmias. - ANSWER Assess lung sounds.
Request a soft diet.
Evaluate the phosphorus level.
Monitor for cardiac dysrhythmias.
The nurse is completing discharge instructions for a patient with
hyperphosphatemia secondary to chronic renal failure. Which statement by
the nurse is correct?
"You should increase your intake of water and fruit juice daily."
"I encourage you to explore high calcium foods that are low in phosphorus."
"You will want to limit your intake of potassium-containing foods like
spinach and bananas."
"It is important to increase your intake of sodium rich foods like processed
meats and canned soups." - ANSWER "I encourage you to explore high
calcium foods that are low in phosphorus."
A nurse assessing a patient recovering from surgery notices an increased
thirst, urine output, and the inability to swallow. The patient's laboratory
report indicates a serum magnesium level of 1.4 mEq/L. What treatment
should the nurse request from the healthcare provider?
Calcium gluconate 100 to 200 mg 10% solution IV continuous infusion (2 to
4 mg/kg/h)
Magnesium sulfate 2 to 4 g 50% solution diluted in 5% dextrose in water
(D5W) intravenously.
Bisphosphates intravenously or calcitonin intramuscularly or
subcutaneously.
50% dextrose, 25 to 40 g with 10 units of short-acting insulin intravenously.
- ANSWER Magnesium sulfate 2 to 4 g 50% solution diluted in 5% dextrose
in water (D5W) intravenously.
, The nurse is caring for an older adult who is unable to swallow and
receiving a hypertonic nutritional supplement through an enteral tube. The
nurse notes that the laboratory report shows hypernatremia. What action
should the nurse take?
Administer a hypertonic saline solution intravenously at a rate of about 1
mL/kg/hour.
Monitor the weight and serum sodium level of the patient daily.
Monitor for changes in the level of consciousness, respiratory effort, and
muscle control.
Administer an intravenous glucose solution at 2 to 3 mL/kg/hour. -
ANSWER Monitor the weight and serum sodium level of the patient daily.
Rationale: when caring for a pt who is receiving hypertonic enteral feeding,
the nurse should monitor the wt and serum sodium level of the pt daily to
monitor for hypernatremia
The nurse is caring for a patient with adrenal cortex insufficiency (Addison's
disease) with a lack of aldosterone production. Which electrolyte should the
nurse monitor most closely?
Magnesium
Sodium
Calcium
Phosphorus - ANSWER Sodium
Rationale: aldosterone release increases sodium. When there is a lack of
aldosterone, there is a lack of sodium causing hyponatremia. Additionally,
the potassium will increase.
A registered nurse is caring for a patient experiencing fluid volume excess.
Which assessment finding is anticipated?
Dry mucous membranes
Oliguria
Concentrated urine output
Edema - ANSWER Edema
The nurse is caring for a patient in metabolic acidosis with a potassium
level of 6.0 mEq/L. What is the nurse's priority action?
Place the patient on an electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor.
Obtain a baseline weight.
Deliver spironolactone orally.
