PSYC 1020 Midterm with Accurate
Solutions
When one manipulates an independent variable, how many groups are formed? -
ANSWER-2
Jill decides to participate in research studies.Before the study begins, she is given what
looks like a contract that describes the study, as well as the risks and benefits of
participating. This represents: - ANSWER-informed consent
What principle describes why the taste and smell stimuli that produce food aversions in
rats do NOT work with most species of birds - ANSWER-biological preparedness
Amelia tells an off-colour joke to her friends but not to her grandparents. Her audience
represents the ____ in Skinner's three-term contingency - ANSWER-discriminative
stimulus
A general process in which the presentation of a stimulus leads to an increased
response to a later stimulus is termed - ANSWER-sensitization
A general process in which the presentation of a stimulus leads to an increased
response to a later stimulus is termed - ANSWER-sensitization
Which statement is NOT an essential feature of learning - ANSWER-it requires
language
positive reinforcers ____ and negative reinforcers____ the future probability of the
behaviour that led to these respective consequences - ANSWER-increase; increase
The "positive" in positive reinforcement and positive punishment means that's -
ANSWER-a stimulus is presented upon the occurrence of the target behaviour
Distributed practice is better than massed practice is for - ANSWER-numerous kinds of
materials
What was the CS in the little Albert study - ANSWER-a white rat
In what way did Thorndike's experiments significantly differ from Pavlov's? - ANSWER-
the behaviour of the animal determined what happened next
, Billy Bob's Big Burger Barn is your fav restaurant, lately you notice that every time you
walk by there, your mouth starts to salivate. In terms of classical conditioning, the
restaurant is the ____ and the salivation is the ____ - ANSWER-CS;CR
Observational learning of a new dance sequence requires the activity of the ____ cortex
- ANSWER-motor cortex
Which statement about primary reinforcers is TRUE - ANSWER-Primary reinforcers
have little to do with the majority of daily reinforcers and punishers.
Sam was an accomplished furniture maker and was paid well each time he produced a
set number of pieces of furniture. Sam was on a ____reinforcement schedule -
ANSWER-fixed-ratio
The neutrons in the pleasure centres of the brain, especially those in the nucleus
accumbent, secrete ____, a neurotransmitter usually associated with positive emotions
- ANSWER-dopamine
celebrity makes an insensitive tweet and as a consequence loses thousands of
followers. As a result, he is less likely to make insensitive tweets in the future. This
illustrates which behavioural process - ANSWER-negative punishment
celebrity makes an insensitive tweet and as a consequence loses thousands of
followers. As a result, he is less likely to make insensitive tweets in the future. This
illustrates which behavioural process - ANSWER-negative punishment
Lots of cash in hand always makes Charlie's heart race with excitement, due to the
phenomenon known as: - ANSWER-second-order conditioning
What is one major flaw of punishment - ANSWER-punishment does not promote
learning about the desired behaviour
Students who rely on _____ as a study technique are MOST likely to _____ how much
they have actually learned - ANSWER-rereading; overestimate
Which statement about learning artificial grammar is true? - ANSWER-participants
implicitly learn artificial grammar without being cognizant of the actual grammar rules
Artificial grammar task - ANSWER-participants are quite good at the task but cannot
articulate the grammar rules
Behaviour is under ____ control when a particular response only occurs in a certain
context - ANSWER-stimulus control
Solutions
When one manipulates an independent variable, how many groups are formed? -
ANSWER-2
Jill decides to participate in research studies.Before the study begins, she is given what
looks like a contract that describes the study, as well as the risks and benefits of
participating. This represents: - ANSWER-informed consent
What principle describes why the taste and smell stimuli that produce food aversions in
rats do NOT work with most species of birds - ANSWER-biological preparedness
Amelia tells an off-colour joke to her friends but not to her grandparents. Her audience
represents the ____ in Skinner's three-term contingency - ANSWER-discriminative
stimulus
A general process in which the presentation of a stimulus leads to an increased
response to a later stimulus is termed - ANSWER-sensitization
A general process in which the presentation of a stimulus leads to an increased
response to a later stimulus is termed - ANSWER-sensitization
Which statement is NOT an essential feature of learning - ANSWER-it requires
language
positive reinforcers ____ and negative reinforcers____ the future probability of the
behaviour that led to these respective consequences - ANSWER-increase; increase
The "positive" in positive reinforcement and positive punishment means that's -
ANSWER-a stimulus is presented upon the occurrence of the target behaviour
Distributed practice is better than massed practice is for - ANSWER-numerous kinds of
materials
What was the CS in the little Albert study - ANSWER-a white rat
In what way did Thorndike's experiments significantly differ from Pavlov's? - ANSWER-
the behaviour of the animal determined what happened next
, Billy Bob's Big Burger Barn is your fav restaurant, lately you notice that every time you
walk by there, your mouth starts to salivate. In terms of classical conditioning, the
restaurant is the ____ and the salivation is the ____ - ANSWER-CS;CR
Observational learning of a new dance sequence requires the activity of the ____ cortex
- ANSWER-motor cortex
Which statement about primary reinforcers is TRUE - ANSWER-Primary reinforcers
have little to do with the majority of daily reinforcers and punishers.
Sam was an accomplished furniture maker and was paid well each time he produced a
set number of pieces of furniture. Sam was on a ____reinforcement schedule -
ANSWER-fixed-ratio
The neutrons in the pleasure centres of the brain, especially those in the nucleus
accumbent, secrete ____, a neurotransmitter usually associated with positive emotions
- ANSWER-dopamine
celebrity makes an insensitive tweet and as a consequence loses thousands of
followers. As a result, he is less likely to make insensitive tweets in the future. This
illustrates which behavioural process - ANSWER-negative punishment
celebrity makes an insensitive tweet and as a consequence loses thousands of
followers. As a result, he is less likely to make insensitive tweets in the future. This
illustrates which behavioural process - ANSWER-negative punishment
Lots of cash in hand always makes Charlie's heart race with excitement, due to the
phenomenon known as: - ANSWER-second-order conditioning
What is one major flaw of punishment - ANSWER-punishment does not promote
learning about the desired behaviour
Students who rely on _____ as a study technique are MOST likely to _____ how much
they have actually learned - ANSWER-rereading; overestimate
Which statement about learning artificial grammar is true? - ANSWER-participants
implicitly learn artificial grammar without being cognizant of the actual grammar rules
Artificial grammar task - ANSWER-participants are quite good at the task but cannot
articulate the grammar rules
Behaviour is under ____ control when a particular response only occurs in a certain
context - ANSWER-stimulus control
