ion 1 1..2 points
In systolic heart failure, what effect does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system (RAAS) have on stroke volume? Select one.
Question options:
a) Decreases preload and decreases afterload
b) Decreases preload and increases afterload
c) Increases preload and decreases afterload
d) Increases preload and increases afterload
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Activation of the RAAS increases preload through the effects of aldosterone secretion, a
activity. RAAS also increases afterload through vasoconstriction mediated by angiotensin
ion 2 1..2 points
What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with
aging? Select one.
Question options:
a) Arteriosclerosis
b) Decreased left ventricular wall tension
c) Arterial stiffening
d) Decreased aortic wall thickness
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Arterial stiffening occurs with aging even in the absence of clinical hypertension. Aging i
the other conditions.
ion 3 1..2 points
A healthcare provider is assessing a patient who has a pericardial effusion
and notes a pulsus paradoxus. A student asks for an explanation of how this
occurs. What description by the professional is best? Select one.
Question options:
a) Blood ejected from the left atrium and reduction of blood volume in the left ventricl
b) Blood ejected from the right atrium and reduction of blood volume in the right vent
c) Diastolic filling pressures of the right ventricle and reduction of blood volume in bo
d) Diastolic filling pressures of the left ventricle and reduction of blood volume in all f
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Pulsus paradoxus means that the arterial blood pressure during expiration exceeds arter
inspiration by more than 10 mmHg. This clinical finding reflects impairment of diastolic
ventricle plus a reduction of blood volume within all four cardiac chambers.
,ion 4 1..2 points
What is the major determinant of the resistance that blood encounters as it
flows through the systemic circulation? Select one.
Question options:
a) Force of ventricular contraction
b) Volume of blood in the systemic circulation
c) Muscle layer of the metarterioles
d) Muscle layer of the arterioles
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The muscle layer of the arterioles constricts or dilates depending on the stimulation it re
the diameter of the vessels determines the resistance to blood flow. Blood viscosity usua
however severe fluid loss can increase it, leading to an increase in resistance. This is not
determinant however. The force of contraction does not determine resistance to flow.
ion 5 1..2 points
A patient has a disorder affecting ventricular depolarization. What ECG
finding would the healthcare professional associate with this condition?
Select one.
Question options:
a) QT interval variability
b) Absence of P waves
c) Shortened PR interval
d) Prolonged QRS interval
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The QRS complex represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarizations. If a p
findings suggestive of problems with this activity, there would be prolongation of the QR
interval reflects the amount of time needed for the action potential to travel from the atr
QT interval variability is normal. An absence of P waves would indicate a problem with th
ion 6 1..2 points
The healthcare professional explains to a student that the amount of volume
of blood in the heart is directly related to the _____ of contraction. Select
one.
Question options:
a) Speed
b) Strength
c) Viscosity
d) Pressure
In systolic heart failure, what effect does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system (RAAS) have on stroke volume? Select one.
Question options:
a) Decreases preload and decreases afterload
b) Decreases preload and increases afterload
c) Increases preload and decreases afterload
d) Increases preload and increases afterload
Hide question 1 feedback
Feedback
Activation of the RAAS increases preload through the effects of aldosterone secretion, a
activity. RAAS also increases afterload through vasoconstriction mediated by angiotensin
ion 2 1..2 points
What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with
aging? Select one.
Question options:
a) Arteriosclerosis
b) Decreased left ventricular wall tension
c) Arterial stiffening
d) Decreased aortic wall thickness
Hide question 2 feedback
Feedback
Arterial stiffening occurs with aging even in the absence of clinical hypertension. Aging i
the other conditions.
ion 3 1..2 points
A healthcare provider is assessing a patient who has a pericardial effusion
and notes a pulsus paradoxus. A student asks for an explanation of how this
occurs. What description by the professional is best? Select one.
Question options:
a) Blood ejected from the left atrium and reduction of blood volume in the left ventricl
b) Blood ejected from the right atrium and reduction of blood volume in the right vent
c) Diastolic filling pressures of the right ventricle and reduction of blood volume in bo
d) Diastolic filling pressures of the left ventricle and reduction of blood volume in all f
Hide question 3 feedback
Feedback
Pulsus paradoxus means that the arterial blood pressure during expiration exceeds arter
inspiration by more than 10 mmHg. This clinical finding reflects impairment of diastolic
ventricle plus a reduction of blood volume within all four cardiac chambers.
,ion 4 1..2 points
What is the major determinant of the resistance that blood encounters as it
flows through the systemic circulation? Select one.
Question options:
a) Force of ventricular contraction
b) Volume of blood in the systemic circulation
c) Muscle layer of the metarterioles
d) Muscle layer of the arterioles
Hide question 4 feedback
Feedback
The muscle layer of the arterioles constricts or dilates depending on the stimulation it re
the diameter of the vessels determines the resistance to blood flow. Blood viscosity usua
however severe fluid loss can increase it, leading to an increase in resistance. This is not
determinant however. The force of contraction does not determine resistance to flow.
ion 5 1..2 points
A patient has a disorder affecting ventricular depolarization. What ECG
finding would the healthcare professional associate with this condition?
Select one.
Question options:
a) QT interval variability
b) Absence of P waves
c) Shortened PR interval
d) Prolonged QRS interval
Hide question 5 feedback
Feedback
The QRS complex represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarizations. If a p
findings suggestive of problems with this activity, there would be prolongation of the QR
interval reflects the amount of time needed for the action potential to travel from the atr
QT interval variability is normal. An absence of P waves would indicate a problem with th
ion 6 1..2 points
The healthcare professional explains to a student that the amount of volume
of blood in the heart is directly related to the _____ of contraction. Select
one.
Question options:
a) Speed
b) Strength
c) Viscosity
d) Pressure
