older than 2 hours?
Give this one a try later!
SH does dipstick but no microscopy.
semi-automated urine instrument
Give this one a try later!
methods= reflectance spectometry, used for consistency.
Urine microscope elements
,Give this one a try later!
10-12ml of urine is spun in a centrifuge, the sediment is spread on a slide
and looked at under a microscope.
RBCs and WBCs
casts
crystals
bacteria, yeast cells, parasites
epithelial cells
other elements.
infections
Give this one a try later!
bacterial- lower and upper urinary tract
viral-HSV (herpes simplex virus) type 2 my infect the urethra. Other viral
UTIS, such as bladder and kidney infections, do not usually develop unless
a person immune system is impaired.
Fungal- candida is the most common and frequently infects people who
have an impaired immune system or a bladder catheter in place. fungi and
bacteria may infect the kidneys at the same time.
parasitic-trichomoniasis, schistosomiasis, filariasis.
Diabetes insipidus
Give this one a try later!
, unable to concentrate urine properly. improper functioning vasopressin
hormone. urinate a lot.
ketones
Give this one a try later!
measurement- in absence of availble carbohydrates, fats are metabolized
and ketones are formed.
3 ketone bodies.
acetyl acetate, BHB, Acetone.
in urine acetyl acetate gets measured, in blood BHB gets measured.
false postiive: drugs with sulfhydrl groups=red pigments
false negatives= improper storage-evaporation or breakdown by bacteria
correlation- glucose with diabetes
may also be due to excess vomiting or starvation
Renal calculi
Give this one a try later!
Give this one a try later!
SH does dipstick but no microscopy.
semi-automated urine instrument
Give this one a try later!
methods= reflectance spectometry, used for consistency.
Urine microscope elements
,Give this one a try later!
10-12ml of urine is spun in a centrifuge, the sediment is spread on a slide
and looked at under a microscope.
RBCs and WBCs
casts
crystals
bacteria, yeast cells, parasites
epithelial cells
other elements.
infections
Give this one a try later!
bacterial- lower and upper urinary tract
viral-HSV (herpes simplex virus) type 2 my infect the urethra. Other viral
UTIS, such as bladder and kidney infections, do not usually develop unless
a person immune system is impaired.
Fungal- candida is the most common and frequently infects people who
have an impaired immune system or a bladder catheter in place. fungi and
bacteria may infect the kidneys at the same time.
parasitic-trichomoniasis, schistosomiasis, filariasis.
Diabetes insipidus
Give this one a try later!
, unable to concentrate urine properly. improper functioning vasopressin
hormone. urinate a lot.
ketones
Give this one a try later!
measurement- in absence of availble carbohydrates, fats are metabolized
and ketones are formed.
3 ketone bodies.
acetyl acetate, BHB, Acetone.
in urine acetyl acetate gets measured, in blood BHB gets measured.
false postiive: drugs with sulfhydrl groups=red pigments
false negatives= improper storage-evaporation or breakdown by bacteria
correlation- glucose with diabetes
may also be due to excess vomiting or starvation
Renal calculi
Give this one a try later!
