Nursing 354 Hematology Nursing Exam
Questions And Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationales 2026 Q&A
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1. A nurse is assessing a client with iron-deficiency anemia. Which finding is
most characteristic of this condition?
A. Flushed skin
B. Fatigue and weakness
C. Bounding pulse
D. Increased appetite
Answer: B. Fatigue and weakness
Rationale: Iron-deficiency anemia decreases hemoglobin and oxygen-carrying
capacity, commonly causing fatigue, weakness, pallor, and reduced exercise
tolerance.
2. Which laboratory value is most useful for evaluating the oxygen-carrying
capacity of blood?
A. Platelet count
B. White blood cell count
C. Hemoglobin
D. Serum sodium
,Answer: C. Hemoglobin
Rationale: Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying
oxygen. Its concentration is a major indicator of anemia and oxygen-carrying
capacity.
3. A client with iron-deficiency anemia is prescribed oral ferrous sulfate. Which
instruction should the nurse provide?
A. Take it with milk.
B. Take it with an antacid.
C. Take it with vitamin C or orange juice if tolerated.
D. Stop taking it when stools become dark.
Answer: C. Take it with vitamin C or orange juice if tolerated.
Rationale: Vitamin C enhances iron absorption. Calcium-containing products and
antacids can reduce iron absorption. Dark stools are a common expected effect
of oral iron therapy.
4. Which assessment finding is most concerning in a client with severe anemia?
A. Pale conjunctiva
B. Mild fatigue
C. Chest pain and dyspnea at rest
D. Brittle nails
Answer: C. Chest pain and dyspnea at rest
Rationale: Severe anemia can significantly reduce tissue oxygenation and place
stress on the cardiovascular system. Chest pain and dyspnea at rest require
prompt evaluation.
,5. Pernicious anemia is primarily associated with impaired absorption of which
vitamin?
A. Vitamin B6
B. Vitamin C
C. Folic acid
D. Vitamin B12
Answer: D. Vitamin B12
Rationale: Pernicious anemia results from inadequate intrinsic factor, which is
necessary for absorption of vitamin B12 in the terminal ileum.
6. Which neurological finding is particularly associated with vitamin B12
deficiency?
A. Hearing loss
B. Paresthesias and impaired proprioception
C. Increased reflexes only
D. Muscle hypertrophy
Answer: B. Paresthesias and impaired proprioception
Rationale: Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause neurological dysfunction, including
paresthesias, gait disturbances, impaired vibration or position sense, and
peripheral neuropathy.
7. A client with pernicious anemia will most likely require which treatment?
A. Oral potassium
B. Vitamin B12 replacement
C. Platelet transfusions
D. Intravenous calcium
Answer: B. Vitamin B12 replacement
, Rationale: Pernicious anemia results from impaired vitamin B12 absorption and
generally requires long-term vitamin B12 replacement therapy.
8. Which laboratory finding is expected in a client with iron-deficiency anemia?
A. Increased ferritin
B. Increased serum iron
C. Decreased serum ferritin
D. Increased vitamin B12
Answer: C. Decreased serum ferritin
Rationale: Ferritin reflects stored iron. Iron-deficiency anemia typically causes
decreased ferritin and serum iron with increased total iron-binding capacity.
9. Which food is a good dietary source of iron?
A. White rice
B. Applesauce
C. Lean red meat
D. Gelatin
Answer: C. Lean red meat
Rationale: Heme iron found in meats is generally absorbed more efficiently than
nonheme iron found in plant foods.
10. A nurse is caring for a client with aplastic anemia. Which finding requires the
most immediate attention?
A. Fatigue
B. Pallor
C. Fever
D. Mild headache
Questions And Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationales 2026 Q&A
Instant Download Pdf
1. A nurse is assessing a client with iron-deficiency anemia. Which finding is
most characteristic of this condition?
A. Flushed skin
B. Fatigue and weakness
C. Bounding pulse
D. Increased appetite
Answer: B. Fatigue and weakness
Rationale: Iron-deficiency anemia decreases hemoglobin and oxygen-carrying
capacity, commonly causing fatigue, weakness, pallor, and reduced exercise
tolerance.
2. Which laboratory value is most useful for evaluating the oxygen-carrying
capacity of blood?
A. Platelet count
B. White blood cell count
C. Hemoglobin
D. Serum sodium
,Answer: C. Hemoglobin
Rationale: Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying
oxygen. Its concentration is a major indicator of anemia and oxygen-carrying
capacity.
3. A client with iron-deficiency anemia is prescribed oral ferrous sulfate. Which
instruction should the nurse provide?
A. Take it with milk.
B. Take it with an antacid.
C. Take it with vitamin C or orange juice if tolerated.
D. Stop taking it when stools become dark.
Answer: C. Take it with vitamin C or orange juice if tolerated.
Rationale: Vitamin C enhances iron absorption. Calcium-containing products and
antacids can reduce iron absorption. Dark stools are a common expected effect
of oral iron therapy.
4. Which assessment finding is most concerning in a client with severe anemia?
A. Pale conjunctiva
B. Mild fatigue
C. Chest pain and dyspnea at rest
D. Brittle nails
Answer: C. Chest pain and dyspnea at rest
Rationale: Severe anemia can significantly reduce tissue oxygenation and place
stress on the cardiovascular system. Chest pain and dyspnea at rest require
prompt evaluation.
,5. Pernicious anemia is primarily associated with impaired absorption of which
vitamin?
A. Vitamin B6
B. Vitamin C
C. Folic acid
D. Vitamin B12
Answer: D. Vitamin B12
Rationale: Pernicious anemia results from inadequate intrinsic factor, which is
necessary for absorption of vitamin B12 in the terminal ileum.
6. Which neurological finding is particularly associated with vitamin B12
deficiency?
A. Hearing loss
B. Paresthesias and impaired proprioception
C. Increased reflexes only
D. Muscle hypertrophy
Answer: B. Paresthesias and impaired proprioception
Rationale: Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause neurological dysfunction, including
paresthesias, gait disturbances, impaired vibration or position sense, and
peripheral neuropathy.
7. A client with pernicious anemia will most likely require which treatment?
A. Oral potassium
B. Vitamin B12 replacement
C. Platelet transfusions
D. Intravenous calcium
Answer: B. Vitamin B12 replacement
, Rationale: Pernicious anemia results from impaired vitamin B12 absorption and
generally requires long-term vitamin B12 replacement therapy.
8. Which laboratory finding is expected in a client with iron-deficiency anemia?
A. Increased ferritin
B. Increased serum iron
C. Decreased serum ferritin
D. Increased vitamin B12
Answer: C. Decreased serum ferritin
Rationale: Ferritin reflects stored iron. Iron-deficiency anemia typically causes
decreased ferritin and serum iron with increased total iron-binding capacity.
9. Which food is a good dietary source of iron?
A. White rice
B. Applesauce
C. Lean red meat
D. Gelatin
Answer: C. Lean red meat
Rationale: Heme iron found in meats is generally absorbed more efficiently than
nonheme iron found in plant foods.
10. A nurse is caring for a client with aplastic anemia. Which finding requires the
most immediate attention?
A. Fatigue
B. Pallor
C. Fever
D. Mild headache
