Test Bank for Fundamentals of
International Aviation (Aviation
Fundamentals) 2nd Edition by Suzanne
Kearns | All Chapters Questions and
Answers with Rationales 2027
SECTION 1: GENERAL EMBALMING PRINCIPLES (Questions
1-50)
1. The action of formaldehyde on protein is:
• A. Dialysis
• B. Saponification
• C. Autolysis
• D. Coagulation
Rationale: Formaldehyde acts on proteins through coagulation, which is the process of
denaturing and solidifying proteins .
2. Which of these is considered to be the most important aspect of the embalming
operation for the safety of the public at visitation?
• A. The disinfection of the body
• B. The preservation of the body
• C. The restoration of the body
• D. The documentation of the operation
Rationale: Disinfection is the primary safety consideration as it protects the public from
infectious agents .
3. Which of these is the solid state of formaldehyde?
• A. Paraldehyde
, • B. Paraformaldehyde
• C. Acetaldehyde
• D. Ethanol
Rationale: Paraformaldehyde is the solid, polymerized form of formaldehyde .
4. The disinfection which takes place during the arterial injection portion of the
embalming process is called:
• A. Terminal disinfection
• B. Case analysis
• C. Concurrent disinfection
• D. Primary disinfection
Rationale: Concurrent disinfection occurs during the arterial injection process, actively
disinfecting as fluid is distributed .
5. The Egyptians immersed bodies in:
• A. Natron solution
• B. Spices
• C. Balsam spirits
• D. Spirits of wine
Rationale: Ancient Egyptians used natron (a naturally occurring salt) for desiccation and
preservation .
6. The care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color is a definition which
would most correctly apply to which of the following?
• A. Preservation
• B. Calcination
• C. Restoration
• D. Disinfection
Rationale: Restoration is the art of recreating natural form and color .
7. A discoloration that appears on the body during life is considered:
• A. Ante mortem
• B. Post mortem
• C. Intravascular
• D. Interosseus
,Rationale: Ante-mortem discolorations occur during life (e.g., bruises, carbon monoxide
poisoning) .
8. Which of these is an example of an intravascular ante-mortem blood
discoloration?
• A. Cadaveric lividity
• B. Carbon monoxide poisoning
• C. Petechia
• D. Ecchymosis
Rationale: Carbon monoxide poisoning produces a distinctive cherry-red discoloration
that occurs during life .
9. The action of formaldehyde on protein is:
• A. Dialysis
• B. Saponification
• C. Autolysis
• D. Coagulation
Rationale: Formaldehyde acts on proteins through coagulation .
10. Which chemical agents in arterial fluids prevent the thickening of blood?
• A. Preservatives
• B. Anticoagulants
• C. Surfactants
• D. Surface tension reducers
Rationale: Anticoagulants prevent blood from thickening and clotting, facilitating
proper distribution .
SECTION 2: BLISTERS, CAVITY FLUIDS & CHEMICAL
CALCULATIONS (Questions 11-30)
11. When treating blisters, three of these choices are proper procedures. Select the
one which is NOT accepted as proper technique:
, • A. Puncture and drain blisters before embalming
• B. Remove loose skin after embalming
• C. Observe color change in the affected areas
• D. Remove loose integument before embalming
Rationale: Loose integument (skin) should be removed after embalming to prevent
tearing during injection .
12. One purpose for which cavity fluids would NOT be recommended is:
• A. Surface packs
• B. Arterial injections
• C. Visceral treatment
• D. Bleaching agents
Rationale: Cavity fluids are formulated for cavity treatment, not arterial injection .
13. If you use 2 bottles of arterial fluid to make 2½ gallons of a 3% index solution,
what is the index of the arterial fluid?
• A. 30 index
• B. 18 index
• C. 27 index
• D. 36 index
Rationale: 2 bottles × 16 oz each = 32 oz. 2½ gallons = 320 oz. 3% of 320 oz = 9.6 oz
of active ingredient. 9.6 oz ÷ 32 oz × 100 = 30 index .
14. If you use 8 oz of 16 index fluid and enough water to make one gallon of
solution, what is the diluted index of your solution?
• A. 1.0%
• B. 1.25%
• C. 1.5%
• D. 2.5%
Rationale: 8 oz × 16 index = 128 oz-index. 1 gallon = 128 oz. 128 ÷ 128 = 1.0% .
15. What is the index of the injection solution made by using 32 ounces of a 28
index fluid diluted with water to make 4 gallons of solution?
• A. 1.75 index
• B. 1.65 index
International Aviation (Aviation
Fundamentals) 2nd Edition by Suzanne
Kearns | All Chapters Questions and
Answers with Rationales 2027
SECTION 1: GENERAL EMBALMING PRINCIPLES (Questions
1-50)
1. The action of formaldehyde on protein is:
• A. Dialysis
• B. Saponification
• C. Autolysis
• D. Coagulation
Rationale: Formaldehyde acts on proteins through coagulation, which is the process of
denaturing and solidifying proteins .
2. Which of these is considered to be the most important aspect of the embalming
operation for the safety of the public at visitation?
• A. The disinfection of the body
• B. The preservation of the body
• C. The restoration of the body
• D. The documentation of the operation
Rationale: Disinfection is the primary safety consideration as it protects the public from
infectious agents .
3. Which of these is the solid state of formaldehyde?
• A. Paraldehyde
, • B. Paraformaldehyde
• C. Acetaldehyde
• D. Ethanol
Rationale: Paraformaldehyde is the solid, polymerized form of formaldehyde .
4. The disinfection which takes place during the arterial injection portion of the
embalming process is called:
• A. Terminal disinfection
• B. Case analysis
• C. Concurrent disinfection
• D. Primary disinfection
Rationale: Concurrent disinfection occurs during the arterial injection process, actively
disinfecting as fluid is distributed .
5. The Egyptians immersed bodies in:
• A. Natron solution
• B. Spices
• C. Balsam spirits
• D. Spirits of wine
Rationale: Ancient Egyptians used natron (a naturally occurring salt) for desiccation and
preservation .
6. The care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color is a definition which
would most correctly apply to which of the following?
• A. Preservation
• B. Calcination
• C. Restoration
• D. Disinfection
Rationale: Restoration is the art of recreating natural form and color .
7. A discoloration that appears on the body during life is considered:
• A. Ante mortem
• B. Post mortem
• C. Intravascular
• D. Interosseus
,Rationale: Ante-mortem discolorations occur during life (e.g., bruises, carbon monoxide
poisoning) .
8. Which of these is an example of an intravascular ante-mortem blood
discoloration?
• A. Cadaveric lividity
• B. Carbon monoxide poisoning
• C. Petechia
• D. Ecchymosis
Rationale: Carbon monoxide poisoning produces a distinctive cherry-red discoloration
that occurs during life .
9. The action of formaldehyde on protein is:
• A. Dialysis
• B. Saponification
• C. Autolysis
• D. Coagulation
Rationale: Formaldehyde acts on proteins through coagulation .
10. Which chemical agents in arterial fluids prevent the thickening of blood?
• A. Preservatives
• B. Anticoagulants
• C. Surfactants
• D. Surface tension reducers
Rationale: Anticoagulants prevent blood from thickening and clotting, facilitating
proper distribution .
SECTION 2: BLISTERS, CAVITY FLUIDS & CHEMICAL
CALCULATIONS (Questions 11-30)
11. When treating blisters, three of these choices are proper procedures. Select the
one which is NOT accepted as proper technique:
, • A. Puncture and drain blisters before embalming
• B. Remove loose skin after embalming
• C. Observe color change in the affected areas
• D. Remove loose integument before embalming
Rationale: Loose integument (skin) should be removed after embalming to prevent
tearing during injection .
12. One purpose for which cavity fluids would NOT be recommended is:
• A. Surface packs
• B. Arterial injections
• C. Visceral treatment
• D. Bleaching agents
Rationale: Cavity fluids are formulated for cavity treatment, not arterial injection .
13. If you use 2 bottles of arterial fluid to make 2½ gallons of a 3% index solution,
what is the index of the arterial fluid?
• A. 30 index
• B. 18 index
• C. 27 index
• D. 36 index
Rationale: 2 bottles × 16 oz each = 32 oz. 2½ gallons = 320 oz. 3% of 320 oz = 9.6 oz
of active ingredient. 9.6 oz ÷ 32 oz × 100 = 30 index .
14. If you use 8 oz of 16 index fluid and enough water to make one gallon of
solution, what is the diluted index of your solution?
• A. 1.0%
• B. 1.25%
• C. 1.5%
• D. 2.5%
Rationale: 8 oz × 16 index = 128 oz-index. 1 gallon = 128 oz. 128 ÷ 128 = 1.0% .
15. What is the index of the injection solution made by using 32 ounces of a 28
index fluid diluted with water to make 4 gallons of solution?
• A. 1.75 index
• B. 1.65 index
