NUR 355 Exam 1 Review Questions with
Verified Correct Answers
What are some of the current Maternal and Newborn goals of Healthy People 2030?
- reduce rate of fetal deaths at or after 20 weeks gestation
- reduce maternal deaths
- reduce unnecessary C-sections
- reduce preterm births
- increase prenatal care and folic acid
- decrease consumption of teratogens by pregnant women
- increase exclusively breastfeeding from 0-6 months
What is infertility?
Up to 35: inability to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse
Over 35: inability to conceive after 6 months of unprotected intercourse
What are the endocrine causes of male infertility?
pituitary diseases/tumors, hypothalamic diseases, low LH, low FSH, and low testosterone
What are the spermatogenesis related causes of male infertility?
Gonadotoxins
- meds: chemo, CCBs, heroin, alcohol
- infections: prostatitis, STIs, post-puberty mups
- Systemic illness
- Prolonged heat exposure
,- Pesticide exposure
- Radiation to pelvic region
What type of infertility is seen in men who have had a vasectomy reversal or
experienced testicular trauma? treatment?
sperm antibodies
treatment: corticosteroids
What conditions can cause sperm transport related infertility?
- vasectomy
- prostatectomy
- inguinal hernia
- born without vas deferens
What are some conditions that may cause disorder of intercourse related infertility?
- erectile disfunction
- retrograde ejaculation (sperm enters bladder)
- hypospadias
- psychosocial factors (lack of attraction)
What are some conditions that may cause ovulatory dysfunction related infertility?
*All of these can cause inconsistent or non-existent ovulation
- hormonal imbalances (too much progesterone)
- hyper/hypothyroidism
- high prolactin levels (seen in lactating women)
, - premature ovarian failure (menopause <40y/o)
- PCOS
What are some conditions that can result in tubal and pelvic pathology related
infertility?
- pelvic inflammatory disease
- endometriosis
- uterine fibroids
- tubal adhesions
- uterine malformations
* many of these allow pregnancy to begin but cause spontaneous abortions
What are some conditions that can cause cervical mucus factor related infertility?
- cryotherapy
- STI causing overly thick cervical mucus
What are some tests used to diagnose causes of infertility?
- STI screen
- Lab test for hormone levels
- specimen collection (men) and semen analysis
- Ovarian reserve testing
- Sonohysterogram or hysteroscopy (assess uterus)
- Hysterosalpingogram (asseses endocervical canal, uterine cavity, and falopian tubes using a
radioactive dye that is injected through the cervical canal and into the uterus)
What are the treatments for correcting sperm count?
Verified Correct Answers
What are some of the current Maternal and Newborn goals of Healthy People 2030?
- reduce rate of fetal deaths at or after 20 weeks gestation
- reduce maternal deaths
- reduce unnecessary C-sections
- reduce preterm births
- increase prenatal care and folic acid
- decrease consumption of teratogens by pregnant women
- increase exclusively breastfeeding from 0-6 months
What is infertility?
Up to 35: inability to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse
Over 35: inability to conceive after 6 months of unprotected intercourse
What are the endocrine causes of male infertility?
pituitary diseases/tumors, hypothalamic diseases, low LH, low FSH, and low testosterone
What are the spermatogenesis related causes of male infertility?
Gonadotoxins
- meds: chemo, CCBs, heroin, alcohol
- infections: prostatitis, STIs, post-puberty mups
- Systemic illness
- Prolonged heat exposure
,- Pesticide exposure
- Radiation to pelvic region
What type of infertility is seen in men who have had a vasectomy reversal or
experienced testicular trauma? treatment?
sperm antibodies
treatment: corticosteroids
What conditions can cause sperm transport related infertility?
- vasectomy
- prostatectomy
- inguinal hernia
- born without vas deferens
What are some conditions that may cause disorder of intercourse related infertility?
- erectile disfunction
- retrograde ejaculation (sperm enters bladder)
- hypospadias
- psychosocial factors (lack of attraction)
What are some conditions that may cause ovulatory dysfunction related infertility?
*All of these can cause inconsistent or non-existent ovulation
- hormonal imbalances (too much progesterone)
- hyper/hypothyroidism
- high prolactin levels (seen in lactating women)
, - premature ovarian failure (menopause <40y/o)
- PCOS
What are some conditions that can result in tubal and pelvic pathology related
infertility?
- pelvic inflammatory disease
- endometriosis
- uterine fibroids
- tubal adhesions
- uterine malformations
* many of these allow pregnancy to begin but cause spontaneous abortions
What are some conditions that can cause cervical mucus factor related infertility?
- cryotherapy
- STI causing overly thick cervical mucus
What are some tests used to diagnose causes of infertility?
- STI screen
- Lab test for hormone levels
- specimen collection (men) and semen analysis
- Ovarian reserve testing
- Sonohysterogram or hysteroscopy (assess uterus)
- Hysterosalpingogram (asseses endocervical canal, uterine cavity, and falopian tubes using a
radioactive dye that is injected through the cervical canal and into the uterus)
What are the treatments for correcting sperm count?
