NSG 3600 EXAM 3
CHILDREN'S HEALTH GUIDE|
GALEN
(LATEST 2026/ 2027 UPDATE) 100% VERIFIED
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | GRADE A
1. What is the most common cause of acute diarrhea in children?
A. Rotavirus
B. E. coli
C. Salmonella
D. Giardia
Correct Answer: A. Rotavirus
Rationale: Rotavirus is a common viral cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children.
Prevention is strongly supported by vaccination and good hand hygiene.
2. What is the major concern with acute diarrhea?
A. Hypertension
B. Excessive fluid and electrolyte loss in the stool
C. Increased appetite
D. Respiratory distress
Correct Answer: B. Excessive fluid and electrolyte loss in the stool
,Rationale: Significant diarrhea can rapidly cause dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities, particularly
in infants and young children.
3. When assessing a child with diarrhea, which findings are most important to assess?
A. Pupillary response and hearing
B. Skin turgor, mucous membrane moisture, recent travel, and perineal skin condition
C. Deep tendon reflexes only
D. Visual acuity
Correct Answer: B. Skin turgor, mucous membrane moisture, recent travel, and perineal skin condition
Rationale: Assessment should focus on dehydration and possible infectious exposure. Frequent stools
can also cause perineal skin breakdown.
4. Which interventions help prevent diarrhea?
A. Avoid all fruits
B. Hand hygiene, proper cooking, and correct food handling
C. Restrict fluids
D. Avoid breastfeeding
Correct Answer: B. Hand hygiene, proper cooking, and correct food handling
Rationale: Proper hygiene and food preparation reduce transmission of gastrointestinal pathogens.
5. What is the priority intervention for a child with diarrhea and dehydration?
A. Restrict oral fluids
B. Administer oral rehydration solution such as Pedialyte when appropriate
C. Administer antibiotics immediately
D. Give only plain water
Correct Answer: B. Administer oral rehydration solution such as Pedialyte when appropriate
,Rationale: Oral rehydration solutions replace both water and electrolytes. Rehydration generally
progresses from the least invasive appropriate method to IV therapy when oral/enteral replacement is
inadequate or contraindicated.
CLEFT LIP & CLEFT PALATE
6. Which population has a higher incidence of cleft lip?
A. Females only
B. Males, Asians, and Native Americans
C. African American females
D. Older adults
Correct Answer: B. Males, Asians, and Native Americans
Rationale: Cleft lip, particularly with or without cleft palate, occurs more frequently in males and has
varying prevalence among ethnic groups.
7. Which are risk factors for cleft lip and palate?
A. Eercise and adequate folate
B. Smoking, gestational diabetes, certain medications, and folate deficiency
C. Breastfeeding
D. Increased calcium intake
Correct Answer: B. Smoking, gestational diabetes, certain medications, and folate deficiency
Rationale: Several maternal factors can increase the risk of neural and craniofacial developmental
abnormalities.
8. How can cleft lip or palate be diagnosed before birth?
A. Urinalysis
B. Prenatal ultrasound
, C. ECG
D. Stool culture
Correct Answer: B. Prenatal ultrasound
Rationale: Prenatal ultrasound can identify many cases of cleft lip, although isolated cleft palate can be
more difficult to detect prenatally.
9. Which feeding equipment may be used for an infant with cleft lip/palate?
A. Standard adult nipple
B. Specialized long nipple or Haberman feeder
C. Straw only
D. No feeding device is needed
Correct Answer: B. Specialized long nipple or Haberman feeder
Rationale: Specialized nipples and feeders help compensate for impaired ability to create suction.
10. What position should an infant with cleft lip/palate be placed in during feeding?
A. Flat on the back
B. Upright, with frequent burping
C. Trendelenburg
D. Prone
Correct Answer: B. Upright, with frequent burping
Rationale: Upright positioning decreases aspiration risk and helps reduce swallowing of excessive air.
11. When is cleft lip repair commonly performed?
A. At birth
CHILDREN'S HEALTH GUIDE|
GALEN
(LATEST 2026/ 2027 UPDATE) 100% VERIFIED
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | GRADE A
1. What is the most common cause of acute diarrhea in children?
A. Rotavirus
B. E. coli
C. Salmonella
D. Giardia
Correct Answer: A. Rotavirus
Rationale: Rotavirus is a common viral cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children.
Prevention is strongly supported by vaccination and good hand hygiene.
2. What is the major concern with acute diarrhea?
A. Hypertension
B. Excessive fluid and electrolyte loss in the stool
C. Increased appetite
D. Respiratory distress
Correct Answer: B. Excessive fluid and electrolyte loss in the stool
,Rationale: Significant diarrhea can rapidly cause dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities, particularly
in infants and young children.
3. When assessing a child with diarrhea, which findings are most important to assess?
A. Pupillary response and hearing
B. Skin turgor, mucous membrane moisture, recent travel, and perineal skin condition
C. Deep tendon reflexes only
D. Visual acuity
Correct Answer: B. Skin turgor, mucous membrane moisture, recent travel, and perineal skin condition
Rationale: Assessment should focus on dehydration and possible infectious exposure. Frequent stools
can also cause perineal skin breakdown.
4. Which interventions help prevent diarrhea?
A. Avoid all fruits
B. Hand hygiene, proper cooking, and correct food handling
C. Restrict fluids
D. Avoid breastfeeding
Correct Answer: B. Hand hygiene, proper cooking, and correct food handling
Rationale: Proper hygiene and food preparation reduce transmission of gastrointestinal pathogens.
5. What is the priority intervention for a child with diarrhea and dehydration?
A. Restrict oral fluids
B. Administer oral rehydration solution such as Pedialyte when appropriate
C. Administer antibiotics immediately
D. Give only plain water
Correct Answer: B. Administer oral rehydration solution such as Pedialyte when appropriate
,Rationale: Oral rehydration solutions replace both water and electrolytes. Rehydration generally
progresses from the least invasive appropriate method to IV therapy when oral/enteral replacement is
inadequate or contraindicated.
CLEFT LIP & CLEFT PALATE
6. Which population has a higher incidence of cleft lip?
A. Females only
B. Males, Asians, and Native Americans
C. African American females
D. Older adults
Correct Answer: B. Males, Asians, and Native Americans
Rationale: Cleft lip, particularly with or without cleft palate, occurs more frequently in males and has
varying prevalence among ethnic groups.
7. Which are risk factors for cleft lip and palate?
A. Eercise and adequate folate
B. Smoking, gestational diabetes, certain medications, and folate deficiency
C. Breastfeeding
D. Increased calcium intake
Correct Answer: B. Smoking, gestational diabetes, certain medications, and folate deficiency
Rationale: Several maternal factors can increase the risk of neural and craniofacial developmental
abnormalities.
8. How can cleft lip or palate be diagnosed before birth?
A. Urinalysis
B. Prenatal ultrasound
, C. ECG
D. Stool culture
Correct Answer: B. Prenatal ultrasound
Rationale: Prenatal ultrasound can identify many cases of cleft lip, although isolated cleft palate can be
more difficult to detect prenatally.
9. Which feeding equipment may be used for an infant with cleft lip/palate?
A. Standard adult nipple
B. Specialized long nipple or Haberman feeder
C. Straw only
D. No feeding device is needed
Correct Answer: B. Specialized long nipple or Haberman feeder
Rationale: Specialized nipples and feeders help compensate for impaired ability to create suction.
10. What position should an infant with cleft lip/palate be placed in during feeding?
A. Flat on the back
B. Upright, with frequent burping
C. Trendelenburg
D. Prone
Correct Answer: B. Upright, with frequent burping
Rationale: Upright positioning decreases aspiration risk and helps reduce swallowing of excessive air.
11. When is cleft lip repair commonly performed?
A. At birth
