Developmental Disabilities Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams Includes
Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
Infancy or childhood onset disability,
A variety of conditions that interfere with a person's ability
to function in everyday activities.
Not all the causes are not known. most present at birth.
What is a Developmental Disability? (Most are present at birth, but others may not be recog-
nized and identified until later in life.
"Disabilities challenge the people who have them because
they can change the way people grow, learn and func-
tion.")
lean the toe painter had one goal and on her bucket list
skydiving. jumped out of airplane on her 30th birthday
is what did she do? and how old did she turn?
we dont know what causes autism what is it not vaccines
"Cerebral" means the brain. "Palsy" means moving of the
muscles in a way that the person can't control.
Injury to the developing brain before or during birth or
during the first year of life.
Does not get worse over time.
CEREBRAL PALSY (CP):
Cerebral palsy keeps the brain from telling the rest of the
body some of the things it is supposed to do.
It might be hard for a person with cerebral palsy to talk,
walk, see, hear, sit, or swallow.
Many people with CP have normal intelligence.
Abnormalities of muscle tone, movement, and posture
Spasticity is the most common
Secondary dysfunction and deformities may occur
Cerebral Palsy
Other symptoms of cerebral dysfunction, such as learning
disabilities, mental retardation, and seizures, may be seen,
but it is the motoric dysfunction that is essential to its
recognition
,Developmental Disabilities Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams Includes
Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
The incidence of CP over the past 20 years has remained
at 2 cases per 1,000 births in the US
Hereditary
Infections
Prenatal Anoxia
Prenatal Causes of CP Rh Incompatibility
Prematurity
Metabolic Disorders
Unknown Origin
Trauma (birth injury)
Perinatal Causes of CP
Lack of Oxygen (fetal asphyxia, anoxia, or hypoxia)
Traumatic Head Injuries
Infections or Toxic Conditions
Postnatal Causes of CP Brain Hemorrhages or Clots
Cerebral Anoxia
Brain Tumors
CP is classified on the basis of etiology, tone, and anatom-
ical distribution of neurological abnormalities
Pyramidal or spastic CP is the most common, occurring in
Functional Presentation of CP
65-75% of all cases
Extrapyramidal or nonspastic types of CP are responsible
for about 20% of cases
Up to 40% of people with an initial diagnosis of CP have
been incorrectly diagnosed
Ditterential Diagnosis CP
Other disorders that present with gross motor delays,
aberrant tone, and abnormal movement patterns include
,Developmental Disabilities Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams Includes
Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
intellectual disability, neurodegenerative disorders, hy-
drocephalus, subdural ettusion, slowly growing brain tu-
mors, spinal cord lesions, MD, spinal muscular atrophy,
and congenital cerebellar ataxia
Investigations that may be helpful in substantiating or
excluding the diagnosis of CP include the following:
CT or MRI scans to assess for structural lesions
Ultrasound of the head to exclude the possibility of intra-
ventricular hemorrhage
Lumbar puncture to exclude the elevation in protein in the
Ditterential Diagnosis CP cont cerebrospinal fluid that is seen with neurodegenerative
disorders
Serum uric acid and blood and urine assays for amino and
organic acids to exclude congenital metabolic disorders
Viral and parasitic titers (TORCH) to exclude the possibility
of intrauterine-acquired infections
Chromosomal studies to exclude such abnormalities
Intellectual disability coexists in 50-60% of people with
CP
Communication and learning disorders coexist in 40-50%
of individuals with CP
Associated Medical Problems Visual problems coexist in 50% of people with CP
Deafness coexists in 6-16% of individuals with CP
Seizure disorders coexist in 33% of persons with CP
Orthopedic deformities coexist in 50% of people with CP
CP may be diflcult to identify at less than 1 year of age
, Developmental Disabilities Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams Includes
Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
Motor development in the subtypes of CP varies, but com-
Clinical Findings and Prognostic Indicators
mon denominators exist
Direct treatment for CP is unavailable
Secondary treatments include therapy, tone-altering
Therapeutic Intervention with CP medications, provision of adaptive equipment to enhance
the person's level of function, and orthopedic and neuro-
surgical procedures that correct deformities and normal-
ize tone
School
Work
Psychosocial Issues
Body Image
Morbidity and Mortality
Means divided backbone or spine.
The spine and the cord inside the spine do not grow the
SPINA BIFIDA way most spines grow.
The spinal cord does not carry all of the messages to the
rest of the body.
Congenital abnormalities of the vertebra in association
Spina Bifida—Body Functions and Structures
with the extrusion of normal neural elements
Lower-extremity motor and sensory deficits
Spina Bifida Variable bowel and bladder control
Hydrocephalus and other medical problems
Attects normal motor development and may alter fine-mo-
tor, perceptual, linguistic, and cognitive function
Spina Bifida cont.
This is not a static disorder, but one in which progressive
Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
Infancy or childhood onset disability,
A variety of conditions that interfere with a person's ability
to function in everyday activities.
Not all the causes are not known. most present at birth.
What is a Developmental Disability? (Most are present at birth, but others may not be recog-
nized and identified until later in life.
"Disabilities challenge the people who have them because
they can change the way people grow, learn and func-
tion.")
lean the toe painter had one goal and on her bucket list
skydiving. jumped out of airplane on her 30th birthday
is what did she do? and how old did she turn?
we dont know what causes autism what is it not vaccines
"Cerebral" means the brain. "Palsy" means moving of the
muscles in a way that the person can't control.
Injury to the developing brain before or during birth or
during the first year of life.
Does not get worse over time.
CEREBRAL PALSY (CP):
Cerebral palsy keeps the brain from telling the rest of the
body some of the things it is supposed to do.
It might be hard for a person with cerebral palsy to talk,
walk, see, hear, sit, or swallow.
Many people with CP have normal intelligence.
Abnormalities of muscle tone, movement, and posture
Spasticity is the most common
Secondary dysfunction and deformities may occur
Cerebral Palsy
Other symptoms of cerebral dysfunction, such as learning
disabilities, mental retardation, and seizures, may be seen,
but it is the motoric dysfunction that is essential to its
recognition
,Developmental Disabilities Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams Includes
Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
The incidence of CP over the past 20 years has remained
at 2 cases per 1,000 births in the US
Hereditary
Infections
Prenatal Anoxia
Prenatal Causes of CP Rh Incompatibility
Prematurity
Metabolic Disorders
Unknown Origin
Trauma (birth injury)
Perinatal Causes of CP
Lack of Oxygen (fetal asphyxia, anoxia, or hypoxia)
Traumatic Head Injuries
Infections or Toxic Conditions
Postnatal Causes of CP Brain Hemorrhages or Clots
Cerebral Anoxia
Brain Tumors
CP is classified on the basis of etiology, tone, and anatom-
ical distribution of neurological abnormalities
Pyramidal or spastic CP is the most common, occurring in
Functional Presentation of CP
65-75% of all cases
Extrapyramidal or nonspastic types of CP are responsible
for about 20% of cases
Up to 40% of people with an initial diagnosis of CP have
been incorrectly diagnosed
Ditterential Diagnosis CP
Other disorders that present with gross motor delays,
aberrant tone, and abnormal movement patterns include
,Developmental Disabilities Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams Includes
Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
intellectual disability, neurodegenerative disorders, hy-
drocephalus, subdural ettusion, slowly growing brain tu-
mors, spinal cord lesions, MD, spinal muscular atrophy,
and congenital cerebellar ataxia
Investigations that may be helpful in substantiating or
excluding the diagnosis of CP include the following:
CT or MRI scans to assess for structural lesions
Ultrasound of the head to exclude the possibility of intra-
ventricular hemorrhage
Lumbar puncture to exclude the elevation in protein in the
Ditterential Diagnosis CP cont cerebrospinal fluid that is seen with neurodegenerative
disorders
Serum uric acid and blood and urine assays for amino and
organic acids to exclude congenital metabolic disorders
Viral and parasitic titers (TORCH) to exclude the possibility
of intrauterine-acquired infections
Chromosomal studies to exclude such abnormalities
Intellectual disability coexists in 50-60% of people with
CP
Communication and learning disorders coexist in 40-50%
of individuals with CP
Associated Medical Problems Visual problems coexist in 50% of people with CP
Deafness coexists in 6-16% of individuals with CP
Seizure disorders coexist in 33% of persons with CP
Orthopedic deformities coexist in 50% of people with CP
CP may be diflcult to identify at less than 1 year of age
, Developmental Disabilities Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams Includes
Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
Motor development in the subtypes of CP varies, but com-
Clinical Findings and Prognostic Indicators
mon denominators exist
Direct treatment for CP is unavailable
Secondary treatments include therapy, tone-altering
Therapeutic Intervention with CP medications, provision of adaptive equipment to enhance
the person's level of function, and orthopedic and neuro-
surgical procedures that correct deformities and normal-
ize tone
School
Work
Psychosocial Issues
Body Image
Morbidity and Mortality
Means divided backbone or spine.
The spine and the cord inside the spine do not grow the
SPINA BIFIDA way most spines grow.
The spinal cord does not carry all of the messages to the
rest of the body.
Congenital abnormalities of the vertebra in association
Spina Bifida—Body Functions and Structures
with the extrusion of normal neural elements
Lower-extremity motor and sensory deficits
Spina Bifida Variable bowel and bladder control
Hydrocephalus and other medical problems
Attects normal motor development and may alter fine-mo-
tor, perceptual, linguistic, and cognitive function
Spina Bifida cont.
This is not a static disorder, but one in which progressive
