MICROBIOLOGY: AN INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 29 FINAL PAPER SOLVED QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
◉ Prions
Answer: infectious protein particles that do not have a genome eg
mad cow disease=CJD
◉ CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease)
Answer: Rare fatal encephalopathy caused by a prion
Mad cow disease
◉ Virus
Answer: A tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces
inside a living cell.
No genetic material, no cytoplasm
◉ Bacteria
Answer: single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotic but
have a cell membrane. Has genetic material floating around, no
nucleus only a nucleoid
,◉ Nucleoid
Answer: A non-membrane-bounded region in a prokaryotic cell
where the DNA is concentrated.
◉ prokaryotic cell
Answer: a cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-
bound organelles., single chromosome that is circular with no ends,
cellular division by binary fission, Ribosome size is smaller only 70s,
site of protein synthesis is smaller
◉ Eukaryotic cells
Answer: cells possessing a nuclear membrane and other membrane-
bound organelles. True nucleus, multiple chromosomes and linear
with ends, and Has organelles like ER, Mitochondria, cellular
division is mitosis
Bigger ribosome 80s, site of bigger protein synthesis
◉ 2 theories of how life comes about
Answer: 1. spontaneous generations and 2. Biogenesis
◉ Biogenesis Theory
Answer: states that cells can only arise from pre-existing cells
◉ spontaneous generation
, Answer: the mistaken idea that living things can arise from nonliving
sources
◉ Rudolf Virchow
Answer: proposed that new cells are formed only from cells that
already exist
◉ Francesco Redi (1668)
Answer: Disproved theory of spontaneous generation using flies and
rotten meat
◉ Germ Theory of Disease (Koch's Postulates)
Answer: 1) the suspected pathogen should be present in all cases of
the disease animals and absent from the healthy animals.
2) the suspected pathogen should be grown in pure culture
3) cells from a pure culture of the pathogen should cause disease in
a healthy animal
4) the pathogen should then be reisolated and shown to be the same
as the original
◉ Childbed fever (puerperal fever)
Answer: Semmelweis observed high level of deaths in mothers with
childbed fever
CHAPTER 29 FINAL PAPER SOLVED QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
◉ Prions
Answer: infectious protein particles that do not have a genome eg
mad cow disease=CJD
◉ CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease)
Answer: Rare fatal encephalopathy caused by a prion
Mad cow disease
◉ Virus
Answer: A tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces
inside a living cell.
No genetic material, no cytoplasm
◉ Bacteria
Answer: single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotic but
have a cell membrane. Has genetic material floating around, no
nucleus only a nucleoid
,◉ Nucleoid
Answer: A non-membrane-bounded region in a prokaryotic cell
where the DNA is concentrated.
◉ prokaryotic cell
Answer: a cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-
bound organelles., single chromosome that is circular with no ends,
cellular division by binary fission, Ribosome size is smaller only 70s,
site of protein synthesis is smaller
◉ Eukaryotic cells
Answer: cells possessing a nuclear membrane and other membrane-
bound organelles. True nucleus, multiple chromosomes and linear
with ends, and Has organelles like ER, Mitochondria, cellular
division is mitosis
Bigger ribosome 80s, site of bigger protein synthesis
◉ 2 theories of how life comes about
Answer: 1. spontaneous generations and 2. Biogenesis
◉ Biogenesis Theory
Answer: states that cells can only arise from pre-existing cells
◉ spontaneous generation
, Answer: the mistaken idea that living things can arise from nonliving
sources
◉ Rudolf Virchow
Answer: proposed that new cells are formed only from cells that
already exist
◉ Francesco Redi (1668)
Answer: Disproved theory of spontaneous generation using flies and
rotten meat
◉ Germ Theory of Disease (Koch's Postulates)
Answer: 1) the suspected pathogen should be present in all cases of
the disease animals and absent from the healthy animals.
2) the suspected pathogen should be grown in pure culture
3) cells from a pure culture of the pathogen should cause disease in
a healthy animal
4) the pathogen should then be reisolated and shown to be the same
as the original
◉ Childbed fever (puerperal fever)
Answer: Semmelweis observed high level of deaths in mothers with
childbed fever
