EXAM 2026|2027 ACTUAL COMPLETE REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
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Does methadone or buprenorphine have a ceiling (drugs that impact on
body plateus) to respiratory depression? -ANSWERS-buprenorphine -
makes it safer
What are the therapeutic uses for morphine? -ANSWERS-pain
management, sedation, euphoria, respiratory depression, cough
suppression, reduces anxiety, a sense of well-being, suppress GI
motility (help with severe diarrhea)
Therapeutic uses of fentanyl? -ANSWERS-Chronic or acute severe pain,
cancer pain
Risk factors for opioid use disorder -ANSWERS-chronic pain, family
history, other substance abuse, prescribed for long term use
Drugs not safe to take with opioids -ANSWERS-opioids, benzos, alcohol,
CNS depressants, anti-histamines, general anesthetics
Buprenorzhine and Naloxone -ANSWERS-agonist-antagonist
,Buprenorzhine and Naloxone benefit of combination -ANSWERS-
Naloxone is added to buprenorphine to decrease the likelihood of
diversion and misuse of the combination drug product
Treatment of chronic pain- Example: How should something like
osteoarthritis be treated? -ANSWERS-Non Opioid medications - NSAIDs,
cox-2 inhibitors
Nonpharmacologic tx - heat/cold, yoga, physical therapy, exercise,
healthy weight
When prescribing medication we must understand that liver function
declines with age due to what cause?
a. enlarged liver
b. decreased blood flow to liver
c. increased activity of the hepatic enzymes -ANSWERS-decreased
blood flow to liver
a. decreased liver mass
c. decrease in enzyme activity
What is the most important cause of adverse drug reactions? (older
age)
a. high drug dosages
b. lack of monitoring medications
,c. decreased renal excretion
d. overprescribing/polypharmacy -ANSWERS-decreased renal excretion
Distribution of medication can be affected in the elderly in what ways?
SATA
1. decreased hormones
2. increased body fat
3. decreased lean mass
4. decreased albumin -ANSWERS-2, 3, 4
changes in body composition associated with age due to an increase in
body fat percentage and decrease in lean muscle mass. There is also a
decrease in total body water. Distribution can also be impacted by
decreased total body water and decreased cardiac output. Absorption
can be impacted by increase gastric pH, decreased absorption surface
area decreased G.I. motility and decrease gastric emptying. Metabolism
can be impacted by de Cristo paddock blood flow, paddock mask, and
activity of hepatic enzymes. Excretion can be impacted by decreased
renal blood flow, decrease GFR, decrees to both secretion, and
decrease number of nephrons
An 82 year old male visits the clinic complaining that his pain
medications "take forever" to work after he takes his pill. What are
possible reasons you can explain to him?
1.Perhaps we need to increase your dosage.
2.Sometimes as you get older, absorption may be slower resulting in a
delayed response.
, 3.As we get older the gastric acid decreases and may slow absorption. -
ANSWERS-2&3
Order of HTN medications typically prescribed -ANSWERS-Thiazide
diuretics
Ace Inhibitors
ARBS
CCB
BB
Which is best HTN medication for someone with diabetes -ANSWERS-
ACE inhibitor and ARB
Which medication to avoid in a patient who is pregnant or
breastfeeding? -ANSWERS-Avoid ACE and ARBs in patients who are
pregnant or may become pregnant. Especially ARBs in the second and
third trimester.
Medications best for HTN for patient who is pregnant? -ANSWERS-
labetalol, methyldopa, nifedipine
For general population which HTN class is appropriate? -ANSWERS-
thiazide diuretics