,NUR 1172 Final Exam Nutritional Principles in Nursing Questions and
Answers | 2026/2027 | Rasmussen University
Q1. Which nutrient provides approximately 4 kilocalories per gram?
A) Fat
B) Carbohydrate
C) Alcohol
D) Water
Correct Answer: B) Carbohydrate
Rationale: Carbohydrates provide approximately 4 kcal per gram and are an
important source of readily available energy.
Q2. Which macronutrient provides the greatest amount of energy
per gram?
A) Protein
B) Carbohydrate
C) Fat
D) Water
Correct Answer: C) Fat
Rationale: Fat provides approximately 9 kcal per gram, making it the most
energy-dense macronutrient.
Q3. Which process describes the body's construction of larger
molecules from smaller ones?
A) Catabolism
B) Absorption
C) Anabolism
D) Excretion
Correct Answer: C) Anabolism
Rationale: Anabolism is constructive metabolism in which smaller molecules
are combined to form larger molecules needed for tissue growth, repair, and
storage.
Q4. Which statement best describes catabolism?
A) It breaks larger molecules into smaller molecules and can release energy
B) It builds proteins from amino acids only
,C) It stores all nutrients in adipose tissue
D) It refers only to digestion
Correct Answer: A) It breaks larger molecules into smaller molecules and can
release energy
Rationale: Catabolism breaks down larger compounds into smaller ones and
often releases energy that can be used by cells.
Q5. Which macronutrient is the body's preferred immediate energy
source under usual conditions?
A) Fat
B) Protein
C) Carbohydrate
D) Water
Correct Answer: C) Carbohydrate
Rationale: Glucose derived from carbohydrate is an important readily
available fuel for many tissues.
Q6. A food contains 10 g of fat. Approximately how much energy
does the fat provide?
A) 40 kcal
B) 70 kcal
C) 80 kcal
D) 90 kcal
Correct Answer: D) 90 kcal
Rationale: Fat provides approximately 9 kcal/g. Therefore, 10 g provides
about 90 kcal.
Q7. Which macronutrient is primarily used for tissue growth and
repair?
A) Protein
B) Fat
C) Carbohydrate
D) Water
Correct Answer: A) Protein
, Rationale: Protein supplies amino acids required to build and repair tissues
and to synthesize enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and other functional
proteins.
Q8. Which statement best describes a negative energy balance?
A) Energy intake equals expenditure
B) Energy expenditure exceeds energy intake
C) Energy intake exceeds expenditure
D) No energy is absorbed
Correct Answer: B) Energy expenditure exceeds energy intake
Rationale: Negative energy balance occurs when the body uses more
energy than it receives and therefore must draw on stored energy.
Q9. Which nutrient is the primary component of body fluids and is
essential for temperature regulation?
A) Protein
B) Fat
C) Water
D) Carbohydrate
Correct Answer: C) Water
Rationale: Water is essential for fluid balance, transportation of substances,
chemical reactions, lubrication, and regulation of body temperature.
Q10. Which statement best distinguishes micronutrients from
macronutrients?
A) Micronutrients are required in smaller amounts and include vitamins and
minerals
B) Micronutrients provide more calories than fat
C) Macronutrients include only vitamins
D) Micronutrients are not essential
Correct Answer: A) Micronutrients are required in smaller amounts and
include vitamins and minerals
Rationale: Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients needed in relatively
small amounts, whereas carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are
macronutrients required in larger amounts.
CHAPTER 2 — VITAMINS, MINERALS, AND FLUID BALANCE
Answers | 2026/2027 | Rasmussen University
Q1. Which nutrient provides approximately 4 kilocalories per gram?
A) Fat
B) Carbohydrate
C) Alcohol
D) Water
Correct Answer: B) Carbohydrate
Rationale: Carbohydrates provide approximately 4 kcal per gram and are an
important source of readily available energy.
Q2. Which macronutrient provides the greatest amount of energy
per gram?
A) Protein
B) Carbohydrate
C) Fat
D) Water
Correct Answer: C) Fat
Rationale: Fat provides approximately 9 kcal per gram, making it the most
energy-dense macronutrient.
Q3. Which process describes the body's construction of larger
molecules from smaller ones?
A) Catabolism
B) Absorption
C) Anabolism
D) Excretion
Correct Answer: C) Anabolism
Rationale: Anabolism is constructive metabolism in which smaller molecules
are combined to form larger molecules needed for tissue growth, repair, and
storage.
Q4. Which statement best describes catabolism?
A) It breaks larger molecules into smaller molecules and can release energy
B) It builds proteins from amino acids only
,C) It stores all nutrients in adipose tissue
D) It refers only to digestion
Correct Answer: A) It breaks larger molecules into smaller molecules and can
release energy
Rationale: Catabolism breaks down larger compounds into smaller ones and
often releases energy that can be used by cells.
Q5. Which macronutrient is the body's preferred immediate energy
source under usual conditions?
A) Fat
B) Protein
C) Carbohydrate
D) Water
Correct Answer: C) Carbohydrate
Rationale: Glucose derived from carbohydrate is an important readily
available fuel for many tissues.
Q6. A food contains 10 g of fat. Approximately how much energy
does the fat provide?
A) 40 kcal
B) 70 kcal
C) 80 kcal
D) 90 kcal
Correct Answer: D) 90 kcal
Rationale: Fat provides approximately 9 kcal/g. Therefore, 10 g provides
about 90 kcal.
Q7. Which macronutrient is primarily used for tissue growth and
repair?
A) Protein
B) Fat
C) Carbohydrate
D) Water
Correct Answer: A) Protein
, Rationale: Protein supplies amino acids required to build and repair tissues
and to synthesize enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and other functional
proteins.
Q8. Which statement best describes a negative energy balance?
A) Energy intake equals expenditure
B) Energy expenditure exceeds energy intake
C) Energy intake exceeds expenditure
D) No energy is absorbed
Correct Answer: B) Energy expenditure exceeds energy intake
Rationale: Negative energy balance occurs when the body uses more
energy than it receives and therefore must draw on stored energy.
Q9. Which nutrient is the primary component of body fluids and is
essential for temperature regulation?
A) Protein
B) Fat
C) Water
D) Carbohydrate
Correct Answer: C) Water
Rationale: Water is essential for fluid balance, transportation of substances,
chemical reactions, lubrication, and regulation of body temperature.
Q10. Which statement best distinguishes micronutrients from
macronutrients?
A) Micronutrients are required in smaller amounts and include vitamins and
minerals
B) Micronutrients provide more calories than fat
C) Macronutrients include only vitamins
D) Micronutrients are not essential
Correct Answer: A) Micronutrients are required in smaller amounts and
include vitamins and minerals
Rationale: Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients needed in relatively
small amounts, whereas carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are
macronutrients required in larger amounts.
CHAPTER 2 — VITAMINS, MINERALS, AND FLUID BALANCE
