NRSG 2630 EXAM 3 - CARDIAC PART 1 WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS & DETAILED SOLUTIONS
Chronic
- may be asymptomatic for years
- exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal dyspnea
- angina
- "water hammer" pulse if severe
- murmur
Which valve is most commonly affected by IVDA?
Tricuspid
Explain the pathophysiology of tricuspid valve stenosis?
Right atrial enlargement and an increase in systemic venous pressure
What are clinical manifestations of tricuspid valve stenosis?
- peripheral edema
- ascites
- hepatomegaly
- murmur
- fluttering discomfort in neck
,- fatigue
Explain the pathophysiology of pulmonic valve stenosis.
Causes right ventricular hypertension and hypertrophy
What are clinical manifestations of pulmonic valve stenosis?
- fatigue
- loud murmur
- syncope
- dyspnea
- angina
- higher diastolic
What are common diagnostic studies used for valvular disease?
- hx, physical exam
- echocardiogram
- ECG
- CT of chest
- chest x-ray
- cardiac cath
,What drugs are used to treat/control HF?
- vasodilators (nitrates, ACE)
- positive inotropes (digoxin)
- diuretics
- beta blockers
- anticoagulaton therapy (due to risk for a fib and clots)
- antidysrhythmic drugs (diltiazem)
What is a percutaneous transliminal balloon valvuloplasty?
- split open fused commissures
- for mitral, tricuspid, and pulmonic stenosis
- balloon-tipped catheter inserted via femoral artery
- inflated to separate valve leaflets
What are three types of surgical valve repair procedures?
- commissurotomy
- valvuloplasty
- annuloplasty
What are the two types of valve replacement?
Mechanical (artificial)
- lasts longer
, - risk of thromboembolism
- requires long term anticoagulation therapy
Biologic (tissue)
- bovine, porcine, and human
- no anticoagulation required
- less durable
- requires long term immunosuppressant therapy
What are possible nursing diagnoses for a patient with valve disease?
- decreased cardiac output
- excessive fluid volume
- activity intolerance
- deficient knowledge
What is atherosclerosis?
Soft, fatty deposits in the arteries that harden with age, particularly
found in the coronary arteries
Also known as arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD), cardiovascular
heart disease (CVHD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), or coronary heart
disease (CHD)
Causes vessel occlusion and CAD over time
ANSWERS & DETAILED SOLUTIONS
Chronic
- may be asymptomatic for years
- exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal dyspnea
- angina
- "water hammer" pulse if severe
- murmur
Which valve is most commonly affected by IVDA?
Tricuspid
Explain the pathophysiology of tricuspid valve stenosis?
Right atrial enlargement and an increase in systemic venous pressure
What are clinical manifestations of tricuspid valve stenosis?
- peripheral edema
- ascites
- hepatomegaly
- murmur
- fluttering discomfort in neck
,- fatigue
Explain the pathophysiology of pulmonic valve stenosis.
Causes right ventricular hypertension and hypertrophy
What are clinical manifestations of pulmonic valve stenosis?
- fatigue
- loud murmur
- syncope
- dyspnea
- angina
- higher diastolic
What are common diagnostic studies used for valvular disease?
- hx, physical exam
- echocardiogram
- ECG
- CT of chest
- chest x-ray
- cardiac cath
,What drugs are used to treat/control HF?
- vasodilators (nitrates, ACE)
- positive inotropes (digoxin)
- diuretics
- beta blockers
- anticoagulaton therapy (due to risk for a fib and clots)
- antidysrhythmic drugs (diltiazem)
What is a percutaneous transliminal balloon valvuloplasty?
- split open fused commissures
- for mitral, tricuspid, and pulmonic stenosis
- balloon-tipped catheter inserted via femoral artery
- inflated to separate valve leaflets
What are three types of surgical valve repair procedures?
- commissurotomy
- valvuloplasty
- annuloplasty
What are the two types of valve replacement?
Mechanical (artificial)
- lasts longer
, - risk of thromboembolism
- requires long term anticoagulation therapy
Biologic (tissue)
- bovine, porcine, and human
- no anticoagulation required
- less durable
- requires long term immunosuppressant therapy
What are possible nursing diagnoses for a patient with valve disease?
- decreased cardiac output
- excessive fluid volume
- activity intolerance
- deficient knowledge
What is atherosclerosis?
Soft, fatty deposits in the arteries that harden with age, particularly
found in the coronary arteries
Also known as arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD), cardiovascular
heart disease (CVHD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), or coronary heart
disease (CHD)
Causes vessel occlusion and CAD over time
