PSYC 2000 Exam 4: Jennifer Knapp Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams Includes
Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
this is from the national Institute of Mental Health website:
research shows that mental illnesses are common in the
Prevalence United States, attecting tens of millions of people each
year; estimates suggest that only half of people with men-
tal illness receive treatment
for much of history, the mentally ill have been treated
very poorly - under supernatural view, main focus was to
How Mental Illness Was Understood & Treated In Me- drive out spirits; most common treatment was exorcism;
dieval Times trephining; execution or imprisonment of people with
psychological disorders; others were left to be homeless
beggars
How Mental Illness Was Understood & Treated From The mentally ill were thought to have made pacts with the devil;
Late 1400s To The Late 1600s often burned as witches
first institutions created for housing people with psycho-
logical disorders, but focus was ostracizing them from so-
18th Century - Asylums ciety rather than treating their disorders; often these peo-
ple were kept in windowless dungeons, beaten, chained
to their beds, and had little to no contact with caregivers
late 1700s; argued for more humane treatment of the
Pinel's Contribution To The Treatment Of People With mentally ill; suggested they be unchained and talked to,
Mental Illness and allowed outside; patients benefited from this more
human treatment, many able to leave hospital
led reform ettorts for mental health care in the United
States; investigated how those who are mentally ill and
Dix's Contribution To The Treatment Of People With Men- poor were cared for; discovered an underfunded/unreg-
tal Illness ulated system that perpetuated abuse; began lobbying
state legislatures/U.S. Congress for change; her ettorts led
to creation of first mental asylums in U.S.
started in 1954 and gained popularity in 60s; proved help-
ful in controlling symptoms of some psychological disor-
, ders, such as psychosis; side ettects can be overwhelming;
Antipsychotic Medications
can be abused
1963, Congress passed an act that provided federal sup-
port/funding for community mental health centers; clos-
Deinstitutionalized
ing of large asylums, by providing for people to stay in
their communities and be treated locally
released supposed to go to newly created centers, but
system not set up ettectively - underfunded, statt not
trained to handle severe illnesses such as schizophrenia,
How Did The Deinstitutionalization Movement Attect peo-
high statt burnout, and no provision for other services
ple With Mental Illness Becoming Homeless?
people needed - housing, food, and job training; often
ended up homeless - statistics show that 26% of homeless
adults living in shelters experience mental illness
Involuntary Treatment therapy is not individual's choice
person chooses to attend therapy to obtain relief from
voluntary Treatment
symptoms
various methods to help someone overcome personal
Psychotherapy
problems, or to attain personal growth
medication and/or medical procedures to treat psycho-
Biomedical Therapy
logical disorders
they believe abnormal behaviors arise from unconscious
conflicts linked to childhood trauma;
therapy focuses on analyzing avoided thoughts, wishes,
Psychotherapy Technique: Psychoanalysis; Three Com-
recurring life patterns, past events, and the therapeutic
mon Approaches & Beliefs Of These Therapists
relationship; gaining insight into unconscious material
can reveal the causes of symptoms, often leading to their
resolution
client says whatever thoughts come to mind, no matter
Free Association
how meaningless or nonsensical they might seem
Interpretation
,analysts use free associations to form hypotheses about
the client's issues and share them; they interpret dreams,
emotions, and behaviors, highlighting repressed ideas or
wishes
interpret relation of dream to client's waking life and
Dream Analysis
dream's symbolics significance
as clients become aware of unconscious, feared aspects
Resistance of themselves, they often resist by avoiding therapy or
blocking painful memories, which can hinder progress
clients project intense, unrealistic feeling and expectations
Transference
from their past onto therapist
in the final stage, therapists help clients process issues,
Working Through address conflicts and resistance, and replace old, inettec-
tive coping patterns with healthier behaviors
often used with kids since they are not likely to sit on a
couch and recall their dreams or engage in traditional talk
Psychotherapy: Play Therapy
therapy; kids play out their hopes, fantasies, and traumas
while using dolls, stutted animals, and sandbox figurines
kids are encouraged to work through problems by playing
Non-Directive Play Therapy
freely while therapist observes
therapist provides more structure/guidance in play ses-
Directive Play Therapy sion by suggesting topics, asking questions, and even
playing with kid
therapy employs principles of learning to help clients
change undesirable behaviors; believe that dysfunctional
Psychoanalysis: Behavior Therapy
behaviors, like phobias are bedwetting, can be changed
by teaching clients new, more constructive behaviors
therapists help their patients look into past to uncover
Psychoanalysis
repressed feelings
, a client learns a new response to a stimulus that has
Counterconditioning
previously elicited an undesirable behavior
uses an unpleasant stimulus to stop an undesirable be-
Aversive Conditioning havior; therapists apply this technique to eliminate addic-
tive behaviors, such as smoking, nail biting, and drinking
therapist seeks to treat clients' fears/anxiety by presenting
Exposure Therapy them with object or situation that causes their problem,
with idea that they will eventually get used to it
a calm and pleasant state is gradually associated with in-
creasing levels of anxiety-including stimuli; if you can learn
Systematic Desensitization to relax when you are facing environmental stimuli that
make you nervous or fearful, you can eventually eliminate
your unwanted fear response
using a simulation to help conquer fears; has been used
ettectively to treat numerous anxiety disorders such as
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
fear of public speaking, claustrophobia, fear of flying, and
PTSD
individuals are reinforced for desirable behaviors with
Token Economy tokens, such as a poker chip, that can be exchanged for
items or privileges
focuses on how thoughts lead to distress; how you think
Psychotherapy: Cognitive Therapy
determines how you feel/act
help clients change dysfunctional thoughts in order to
How Cognitive Therapists Help People relive distress; help client see how they misinterpret a
situation (cognitive distortion)
cognitive-behavioral therapists focus much more on pre-
Psychotherapy: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy sent issues than on a patient's childhood or past, as in
other forms of psychotherapy; helps clients examine how
Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
this is from the national Institute of Mental Health website:
research shows that mental illnesses are common in the
Prevalence United States, attecting tens of millions of people each
year; estimates suggest that only half of people with men-
tal illness receive treatment
for much of history, the mentally ill have been treated
very poorly - under supernatural view, main focus was to
How Mental Illness Was Understood & Treated In Me- drive out spirits; most common treatment was exorcism;
dieval Times trephining; execution or imprisonment of people with
psychological disorders; others were left to be homeless
beggars
How Mental Illness Was Understood & Treated From The mentally ill were thought to have made pacts with the devil;
Late 1400s To The Late 1600s often burned as witches
first institutions created for housing people with psycho-
logical disorders, but focus was ostracizing them from so-
18th Century - Asylums ciety rather than treating their disorders; often these peo-
ple were kept in windowless dungeons, beaten, chained
to their beds, and had little to no contact with caregivers
late 1700s; argued for more humane treatment of the
Pinel's Contribution To The Treatment Of People With mentally ill; suggested they be unchained and talked to,
Mental Illness and allowed outside; patients benefited from this more
human treatment, many able to leave hospital
led reform ettorts for mental health care in the United
States; investigated how those who are mentally ill and
Dix's Contribution To The Treatment Of People With Men- poor were cared for; discovered an underfunded/unreg-
tal Illness ulated system that perpetuated abuse; began lobbying
state legislatures/U.S. Congress for change; her ettorts led
to creation of first mental asylums in U.S.
started in 1954 and gained popularity in 60s; proved help-
ful in controlling symptoms of some psychological disor-
, ders, such as psychosis; side ettects can be overwhelming;
Antipsychotic Medications
can be abused
1963, Congress passed an act that provided federal sup-
port/funding for community mental health centers; clos-
Deinstitutionalized
ing of large asylums, by providing for people to stay in
their communities and be treated locally
released supposed to go to newly created centers, but
system not set up ettectively - underfunded, statt not
trained to handle severe illnesses such as schizophrenia,
How Did The Deinstitutionalization Movement Attect peo-
high statt burnout, and no provision for other services
ple With Mental Illness Becoming Homeless?
people needed - housing, food, and job training; often
ended up homeless - statistics show that 26% of homeless
adults living in shelters experience mental illness
Involuntary Treatment therapy is not individual's choice
person chooses to attend therapy to obtain relief from
voluntary Treatment
symptoms
various methods to help someone overcome personal
Psychotherapy
problems, or to attain personal growth
medication and/or medical procedures to treat psycho-
Biomedical Therapy
logical disorders
they believe abnormal behaviors arise from unconscious
conflicts linked to childhood trauma;
therapy focuses on analyzing avoided thoughts, wishes,
Psychotherapy Technique: Psychoanalysis; Three Com-
recurring life patterns, past events, and the therapeutic
mon Approaches & Beliefs Of These Therapists
relationship; gaining insight into unconscious material
can reveal the causes of symptoms, often leading to their
resolution
client says whatever thoughts come to mind, no matter
Free Association
how meaningless or nonsensical they might seem
Interpretation
,analysts use free associations to form hypotheses about
the client's issues and share them; they interpret dreams,
emotions, and behaviors, highlighting repressed ideas or
wishes
interpret relation of dream to client's waking life and
Dream Analysis
dream's symbolics significance
as clients become aware of unconscious, feared aspects
Resistance of themselves, they often resist by avoiding therapy or
blocking painful memories, which can hinder progress
clients project intense, unrealistic feeling and expectations
Transference
from their past onto therapist
in the final stage, therapists help clients process issues,
Working Through address conflicts and resistance, and replace old, inettec-
tive coping patterns with healthier behaviors
often used with kids since they are not likely to sit on a
couch and recall their dreams or engage in traditional talk
Psychotherapy: Play Therapy
therapy; kids play out their hopes, fantasies, and traumas
while using dolls, stutted animals, and sandbox figurines
kids are encouraged to work through problems by playing
Non-Directive Play Therapy
freely while therapist observes
therapist provides more structure/guidance in play ses-
Directive Play Therapy sion by suggesting topics, asking questions, and even
playing with kid
therapy employs principles of learning to help clients
change undesirable behaviors; believe that dysfunctional
Psychoanalysis: Behavior Therapy
behaviors, like phobias are bedwetting, can be changed
by teaching clients new, more constructive behaviors
therapists help their patients look into past to uncover
Psychoanalysis
repressed feelings
, a client learns a new response to a stimulus that has
Counterconditioning
previously elicited an undesirable behavior
uses an unpleasant stimulus to stop an undesirable be-
Aversive Conditioning havior; therapists apply this technique to eliminate addic-
tive behaviors, such as smoking, nail biting, and drinking
therapist seeks to treat clients' fears/anxiety by presenting
Exposure Therapy them with object or situation that causes their problem,
with idea that they will eventually get used to it
a calm and pleasant state is gradually associated with in-
creasing levels of anxiety-including stimuli; if you can learn
Systematic Desensitization to relax when you are facing environmental stimuli that
make you nervous or fearful, you can eventually eliminate
your unwanted fear response
using a simulation to help conquer fears; has been used
ettectively to treat numerous anxiety disorders such as
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
fear of public speaking, claustrophobia, fear of flying, and
PTSD
individuals are reinforced for desirable behaviors with
Token Economy tokens, such as a poker chip, that can be exchanged for
items or privileges
focuses on how thoughts lead to distress; how you think
Psychotherapy: Cognitive Therapy
determines how you feel/act
help clients change dysfunctional thoughts in order to
How Cognitive Therapists Help People relive distress; help client see how they misinterpret a
situation (cognitive distortion)
cognitive-behavioral therapists focus much more on pre-
Psychotherapy: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy sent issues than on a patient's childhood or past, as in
other forms of psychotherapy; helps clients examine how
