NURS 5315 Exam 1: Comprehensive Pathophysiology Review with Questions & Answers (UTA, 2025/2026)

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NURS 5315 EXAM 1 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3




NURS 5315 Exam 1: Comprehensive Pathophysiology Reviewwith
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Questions & Answers (UTA, 2025/2026) c3c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c 3 c 3




THIS DOCUMENTCONTAIS : c3 c3 c3c3 c 3 c 3




ž• c 3 c 3 NURS5315 c3




ž• c 3 c 3 NURS5315 EXAM1 c3c3 c3c3 c3




ž• c 3 c 3 COMPREHENSIVE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY c3c3




c3 c3 ž• c 3 c 3 REVIEW WITH
c3 c3c3 QUESTIONS &
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ANSWERS ž•
c3c3 c3c3 c 3 c 3 (UTA, 2025/2026)c3c3

,Question c 3 c 3 1: c3c3




Which term describes the decrease in cell size that can occur physiologically in the thymus gland
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during early childhood or pathologically from disuse?
c 3 c 3 c3 c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3 c3




A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Dysplasia

Correct Answer: C c3c3 c3c 3




Explanation: Atrophy refers to cells decreasing in size. This can be a physiologic process, c 3 c 3 c3c3 c 3 c 3 c3 c3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c3 c3




c such as the thymus gland decreasing in early childhood, or a pathologic process resulting
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cfrom disuse. Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size, hyperplasia is an increase in cell number, and
3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c3 c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3 c3 c 3 c 3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c 3 c 3 c3 c3




dysplasia involves cells changing in size, shape, and organization.
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Question 2: c3 c3




A patient presents with cardiomegaly due to hypertension.
c3c3 c3c3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c3c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c 3 c 3 Which c 3 c 3 cellular adaptation process is c3 c3 c 3 c 3 c3 c3




responsible for this condition?
c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3




A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia

Correct Answer: B c3c3 c3c 3




Explanation: Hypertrophy is the increase in cell size due to increased workload. Cardiomegaly from c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3 c3 c3c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3c3 c3 c3 c3 c3




hypertension is a classic example of pathologic hypertrophy, where the heart muscle cells enlarge to
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compensate
c3c3 for the increased workload of pumping against elevated blood c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3




c pressure.
3 c 3




Question 3: c3 c3

,Endometrial hyperplasia is typicallyrelated to hormonal influences and represents which type ofcellular
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adaptation?
c3c3




A. Atrophy
B. Metaplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Hypertrophy

CorrectAnswer: C c3 c3c3




Explanation: Hyperplasia istheincreasein cell numberduetoincreased cellulardivision. Endometrial
c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3 c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3 c3 c3 c3c3 c3 c3c3




hyperplasiaisusuallyrelated tohormonal influencesand representsapathologic formofhyperplasia. This
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differsfromphysiologichyperplasia, such asliverregeneration afterpartial hepatectomy.
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Question 4: c3 c3




Acervical biopsyfrom a patient with HPVinfection shows disordered cellular proliferation with cells varying
c3c3 c 3c 3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3 c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3




in size, shape, and organization. Thisfinding is characteristicof:
c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3




A. Metaplasia
B. Dysplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Atrophy

Correct Answer: B c3c3 c3 c3




Explanation: Dysplasia, alsoknown as atypical hyperplasia, is characterized bycells changing in size,
c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3




shape, and organization with disordered proliferation. Squamous dysplasia ofthe cervixfromHPV
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infection is a classic example. This condition is considered pre-neoplastic and mayprogress to cancerif
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untreated.
c3c3




Question 5: c3 c3




Achronicsmokerdevelopsstratified squamous epithelial cellsinthebronchial lining, replacing the normal
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ciliated columnar epithelium. This represents which cellular adaptation?
c 3 c 3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3

, A. Dysplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Hypertrophy

CorrectAnswer: C c3 c3c3




Explanation:Metaplasiaisthereplacementofonecelltypewithanother.Itoccursasareprogramming of stem c3 c3 c3 c3 c3c3 c3 c3 c3c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3 c3c3 c3 c3




cells and is potentially reversible. The development of stratified squamous cells in the bronchial
c3c3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c3 c3




liningduetocigarettesmokeisaclassicexampleofmetaplasia,representinganadaptiveresponseto
c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3c3 c3 c3




chronic irritation.
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Question6: c3c3




A patient presents with cyanosis, cognitive impairment, and lethargy. Laboratory findings indicate
c3 c3 c3 c 3 c3 c3 c 3 c3 c3c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c 3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3




c inadequate oxygenation of tissues. This clinical picture is most consistent with:
3 c 3 c 3 c3 c3 c 3 c3c3 c 3 c3 c3 c 3 c3 c 3 c 3 c3 c 3 c3 c3 c 3 c3 c 3




A. Free radical injury c3c3 c 3 c 3




B. Ethanol toxicity c 3 c 3




C. Hypoxia injury c 3 c 3




D. Fatty infiltration c3 c3




CorrectAnswer: C c3 c3c3




Explanation: Hypoxia injuryresults from inadequate oxygenation oftissues. It causes decreased c3c3 c3c3 c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3 c3c3 c3c3 c3c3




mitochondrial function, reduced ATP production, and increased anaerobic metabolism, potentially
c3c3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c3 c3 c 3 c 3




leading to cell death. Clinical manifestations include hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, and
c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c3 c3 c3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c 3 c3 c3 c 3 c 3




c lethargy.
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Question7: c3c3




Which type of cellular injury is associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's
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disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?
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A. Ethanol toxicity c 3 c 3




B. Free radical and ROS injury
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C. Hypoxia injury c 3 c 3




D. Oncosis