Nursing 354 Chronic Kidney Disease
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Rationales 2026 Q&A Instant Download
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1. Which finding is most characteristic of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
A. Sudden onset of oliguria
B. Progressive and irreversible loss of kidney function
C. Complete recovery of renal function within 24 hours
D. Temporary elevation of serum creatinine
Answer: B. Progressive and irreversible loss of kidney function
Rationale: CKD is characterized by abnormalities of kidney structure or function
that persist over time and may progressively reduce the kidneys’ ability to
maintain homeostasis.
2. Which condition is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease?
A. Asthma
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Diabetes mellitus
D. Appendicitis
,Answer: C. Diabetes mellitus
Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of CKD because prolonged
hyperglycemia damages the glomerular microvasculature and progressively
impairs renal function.
3. Which laboratory value is most useful for estimating kidney filtration?
A. Serum sodium
B. Serum albumin
C. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
D. Hemoglobin
Answer: C. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
Rationale: eGFR estimates how effectively the kidneys filter blood and is central
to CKD staging.
4. A patient with CKD has an eGFR of 25 mL/min/1.73 m². Which CKD stage does
this indicate?
A. Stage 1
B. Stage 2
C. Stage 3
D. Stage 4
Answer: D. Stage 4
Rationale: Stage 4 CKD corresponds to an eGFR of 15–29 mL/min/1.73 m² and
represents severely decreased kidney function.
5. Which eGFR is consistent with CKD stage 5?
A. 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m²
B. 45–59 mL/min/1.73 m²
,C. 30–44 mL/min/1.73 m²
D. Less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m²
Answer: D. Less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m²
Rationale: Stage 5 CKD is defined by an eGFR below 15 mL/min/1.73 m² and is
also referred to as kidney failure when associated with the need for kidney
replacement therapy.
6. Which urine finding is an important marker of kidney damage?
A. Low urine temperature
B. Albuminuria
C. Clear urine
D. Normal urine output
Answer: B. Albuminuria
Rationale: Albumin in the urine indicates increased glomerular permeability and
is an important marker of kidney damage.
7. Which assessment finding is commonly associated with advanced CKD?
A. Increased energy
B. Fatigue
C. Excessive sweating
D. Increased appetite
Answer: B. Fatigue
Rationale: Fatigue is common in CKD because of anemia, accumulation of
metabolic waste products, altered metabolism, and other complications of
reduced kidney function.
8. Why does anemia commonly occur in patients with CKD?
, A. Increased production of erythropoietin
B. Excessive iron absorption
C. Decreased production of erythropoietin by the kidneys
D. Increased red blood cell survival
Answer: C. Decreased production of erythropoietin by the kidneys
Rationale: Diseased kidneys produce less erythropoietin, reducing stimulation of
the bone marrow to produce red blood cells.
9. Which laboratory finding is expected in many patients with advanced CKD?
A. Decreased serum creatinine
B. Increased serum creatinine
C. Decreased blood urea nitrogen
D. Increased eGFR
Answer: B. Increased serum creatinine
Rationale: Reduced filtration causes creatinine to accumulate in the blood,
making serum creatinine an important indicator of impaired kidney function.
10. A patient with CKD is at greatest risk for which electrolyte abnormality as
kidney function worsens?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypocalcemia only
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypernatremia
Answer: C. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Impaired renal potassium excretion can cause potassium
accumulation, particularly in advanced CKD.
Practice Exam Questions And Correct
Answers (Verified Answers) Plus
Rationales 2026 Q&A Instant Download
1. Which finding is most characteristic of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
A. Sudden onset of oliguria
B. Progressive and irreversible loss of kidney function
C. Complete recovery of renal function within 24 hours
D. Temporary elevation of serum creatinine
Answer: B. Progressive and irreversible loss of kidney function
Rationale: CKD is characterized by abnormalities of kidney structure or function
that persist over time and may progressively reduce the kidneys’ ability to
maintain homeostasis.
2. Which condition is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease?
A. Asthma
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Diabetes mellitus
D. Appendicitis
,Answer: C. Diabetes mellitus
Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of CKD because prolonged
hyperglycemia damages the glomerular microvasculature and progressively
impairs renal function.
3. Which laboratory value is most useful for estimating kidney filtration?
A. Serum sodium
B. Serum albumin
C. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
D. Hemoglobin
Answer: C. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
Rationale: eGFR estimates how effectively the kidneys filter blood and is central
to CKD staging.
4. A patient with CKD has an eGFR of 25 mL/min/1.73 m². Which CKD stage does
this indicate?
A. Stage 1
B. Stage 2
C. Stage 3
D. Stage 4
Answer: D. Stage 4
Rationale: Stage 4 CKD corresponds to an eGFR of 15–29 mL/min/1.73 m² and
represents severely decreased kidney function.
5. Which eGFR is consistent with CKD stage 5?
A. 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m²
B. 45–59 mL/min/1.73 m²
,C. 30–44 mL/min/1.73 m²
D. Less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m²
Answer: D. Less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m²
Rationale: Stage 5 CKD is defined by an eGFR below 15 mL/min/1.73 m² and is
also referred to as kidney failure when associated with the need for kidney
replacement therapy.
6. Which urine finding is an important marker of kidney damage?
A. Low urine temperature
B. Albuminuria
C. Clear urine
D. Normal urine output
Answer: B. Albuminuria
Rationale: Albumin in the urine indicates increased glomerular permeability and
is an important marker of kidney damage.
7. Which assessment finding is commonly associated with advanced CKD?
A. Increased energy
B. Fatigue
C. Excessive sweating
D. Increased appetite
Answer: B. Fatigue
Rationale: Fatigue is common in CKD because of anemia, accumulation of
metabolic waste products, altered metabolism, and other complications of
reduced kidney function.
8. Why does anemia commonly occur in patients with CKD?
, A. Increased production of erythropoietin
B. Excessive iron absorption
C. Decreased production of erythropoietin by the kidneys
D. Increased red blood cell survival
Answer: C. Decreased production of erythropoietin by the kidneys
Rationale: Diseased kidneys produce less erythropoietin, reducing stimulation of
the bone marrow to produce red blood cells.
9. Which laboratory finding is expected in many patients with advanced CKD?
A. Decreased serum creatinine
B. Increased serum creatinine
C. Decreased blood urea nitrogen
D. Increased eGFR
Answer: B. Increased serum creatinine
Rationale: Reduced filtration causes creatinine to accumulate in the blood,
making serum creatinine an important indicator of impaired kidney function.
10. A patient with CKD is at greatest risk for which electrolyte abnormality as
kidney function worsens?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypocalcemia only
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypernatremia
Answer: C. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Impaired renal potassium excretion can cause potassium
accumulation, particularly in advanced CKD.
