PMP Exam | Project Management Professional | Complete Practice Questions & Verified Answers
Acquisition Obtaining human and material resources necessary to perform project
activities. Blank implies a cost of resources, and is not necessarily financial.
Activity A distinct, scheduled portion of work performed during a course of a project.
Activity Attributes Multiple blank associated with each schedule activity that can be included
within the activity list. Blank include activity codes, predecessor activities,
successor activities, logical relationships, leads and lags, resource
requirements, imposed dates, constraints, and assumptions.
Activity Code One or more numerical or text values that identify characteristics of the work or
in some way categorize the schedule activity that allows filtering and ordering
of activities within reports.
Activity Cost Estimates The projected cost of the scheduled activity that include the cost of all
resources required to perform and complete the activity, including
all cost types and cost components.
Activity Duration The time in calendar units between the start and finish of a schedule activity.
Activity Duration Estimates The quantitative assessments of the likely number of time periods that are
required to complete an activity.
Activity Identifier A short, unique numeric or text identification assigned to each schedule activity
to differentiate that project activity from other activities. Typically unique within
any one project schedule network diagram.
Activity List A documented tabulation of schedule activities that shows the activity
description, activity identifier, and a sufficiently detailed scope of work
description so project team members understand what work is to be
performed.
Activity Resource Requirements The types and quantities of resources required for each activity in a work
package.
Actual Cost (AC) The realized cost incurred for the work performed on an activity during a
specific time period.
Actual Duration The time in calendar units between the actual start date of the schedule activity
and either the data date of the project schedule if the schedule activity is in
progress or the actual finish date if the schedule activity is complete.
,PMP Exam | Project Management Professional | Complete Practice Questions & Verified Answers
Adaptive Life Cycle A project life cycle, also known as change-driven or agile methods, that is
intended to facilitate change and require a high degree of ongoing stakeholder
involvement. Blank are also iterative and incremental, but differ in that iterations
are very rapid (usually 2-4 weeks in length) and are fixed in time and resources.
Additional Quality Planning Tools A set of tools used to define the quality requirements and to plan effective
quality management activities. They include, but are not limited to:
brainstorming, force field analysis, nominal group techniques and quality
management control tools.
Adjusting Leads and Lags A technique used to find ways to bring project activities that are behind into
alignment with plan during project execution.
Advertising The process of calling public attention to a project or effort.
Affinity Diagram A group creativity technique that allows large numbers of ideas to be classified
onto groups for review and analysis.
Agreements Any document or communication that defines the initial intentions of a project.
This can take the form of a contract, memorandum of understanding (MOU),
letters of agreement, verbal agreements, email, etc.
Alternative Analysis A technique used to evaluate identified options in order to select which
options or approaches to use to execute and perform the work of the project.
Alternatives Generation A technique used to develop as many potential options as possible in order to
identify different approaches to execute and perform the work of the project.
Analogous Estimating A technique for estimating the duration or cost of an activity or a project using
historical data from a similar activity or project.
Analytical Techniques Various techniques used to evaluate, analyze, or forecast potential outcomes
based on possible variations of project or environmental variables and their
relationships with other variables. Examples are Regression Analysis, Earned
Value Management, and Time Series Forecasting methods.
Application Area A category of projects that have common components significant in such
projects, but are not needed or present in all projects. Blanks are usually
defined in terms of either the product (i.e. by similar technologies or
production methods) or the type of customer (i.e. internal versus external,
government versus commercial) or industry sector (i.e. utilities, automotive,
aerospace, information technologies, etc.) Blanks can overlap.
Applying Leads and Lags A technique that is used to adjust the amount of time between predecessor
and successor activities.
,PMP Exam | Project Management Professional | Complete Practice Questions & Verified Answers
Apportioned Effort An activity where effort is allotted proportionately across certain discreet
efforts and not divisible into discreet efforts. (Note: blank is one of three
earned value management (EVM) types of activities used to measure work
performance).
Approved Change Request A blank has been processed through the integrated change control process
and approved.
Approved Change Requests Review A review of the change requests to verify that these were implemented as
approved.
Assumption A factor in the planning process that is considered to be true, real, or certain,
without proof or demonstration.
Assumptions Analysis A technique that explores the accuracy of assumptions and identifies risks to
the project from inaccuracy, inconsistency, or incompleteness of assumptions.
Attribute Sampling Method of measuring quality that consists of noting the presence (or absence)
of some characteristic (attribute) in each of the units under consideration. After
each unit is inspected, the decision is made to accept a lot, reject it, or inspect
another unit.
Authority The right to apply project resources, expend funds, make decisions, or give
approvals.
Backlog A listing of product requirements and deliverables to be completed, written as
stories, and prioritized by the business to manage and organize the project's
work.
Backward Pass A critical path method technique for calculating the late start and the late finish
dates by working backward through the schedule model from the project end
date.
Bar Chart Graphic display of schedule-related information. In the typical blank, schedule
activities or work breakdown structure components are listed down the left
side of the chart, dates are shown across the top, and activity durations are
shown as date-placed horizontal bars.
Baseline The approved version of a work product that can be changed only through
formal change control procedures and is used as a basis for comparison.
, PMP Exam | Project Management Professional | Complete Practice Questions & Verified Answers
Basis of Estimates Supporting documentation outlining the details used in establishing project
estimates such as assumptions, constraints, level of detail, ranges, and
confidence levels.
Benchmarking Blank is the comparison of actual or planned practices, such as processes and
operations, to those of comparible organizations to identify best practices,
generate ideas for improvement, and provide a basis for measuring
performance.
Bidder Conference The meetings with prospective sellers prior to the preparation of a bid or
proposal to ensure all prospective vendors have a clear and common
understanding of the procurement. Also know as contractor conferences,
vendor conferences, or pre-bid conferences.
Bottom-Up Estimating A method of estimating project duration or cost by aggregating the estimates
of the lower-level components of the work breakdown structure (WBS).
Brainstorming A general data gathering or creativity technique that can be used to identify
risks, ideas or solutions to issues by using a group of team members or subject
matter experts.
Budget The approved estimate for the project or any work breakdown structure
component or any schedule activity.
Budget at Completion (BAC) The sum of all budgets established for the work to be performed.
Business Case A documented economic feasibility study used to establish validity of the
benefits of a selected component lacking sufficient definition and that is used
as a basis for the authorization of further project management activities.
Business Value A concept that is unique to each organization and includes tangible and
intangible elements. Through the effective use of project, program, and
portfolio management disciplines, organizations will possess the ability to
employ reliable, established processes to meet enterprise objectives and to
obtain greater business value from their investments.
Buyer The acquirer of products, services, or results for an organization.
Cause and Effect Diagram A decomposition technique that helps trace an undesirable effect back to its
root cause.
Central Tendency A property of the central limit theorem predicting that the data observations in
a distribution will tend to group around a central location. The three typical
measures of blank are the mean, medium, and mode.
Change Control A process whereby modifications to documents, deliverables, or baselines
associated with the project are identified, documented, approved, or rejected.
Change Control Board (CCB) A formally chartered group responsible for reviewing, evaluating, approving,
delaying, or rejecting changes to the project, and for recording and
communicating such decisions.
Acquisition Obtaining human and material resources necessary to perform project
activities. Blank implies a cost of resources, and is not necessarily financial.
Activity A distinct, scheduled portion of work performed during a course of a project.
Activity Attributes Multiple blank associated with each schedule activity that can be included
within the activity list. Blank include activity codes, predecessor activities,
successor activities, logical relationships, leads and lags, resource
requirements, imposed dates, constraints, and assumptions.
Activity Code One or more numerical or text values that identify characteristics of the work or
in some way categorize the schedule activity that allows filtering and ordering
of activities within reports.
Activity Cost Estimates The projected cost of the scheduled activity that include the cost of all
resources required to perform and complete the activity, including
all cost types and cost components.
Activity Duration The time in calendar units between the start and finish of a schedule activity.
Activity Duration Estimates The quantitative assessments of the likely number of time periods that are
required to complete an activity.
Activity Identifier A short, unique numeric or text identification assigned to each schedule activity
to differentiate that project activity from other activities. Typically unique within
any one project schedule network diagram.
Activity List A documented tabulation of schedule activities that shows the activity
description, activity identifier, and a sufficiently detailed scope of work
description so project team members understand what work is to be
performed.
Activity Resource Requirements The types and quantities of resources required for each activity in a work
package.
Actual Cost (AC) The realized cost incurred for the work performed on an activity during a
specific time period.
Actual Duration The time in calendar units between the actual start date of the schedule activity
and either the data date of the project schedule if the schedule activity is in
progress or the actual finish date if the schedule activity is complete.
,PMP Exam | Project Management Professional | Complete Practice Questions & Verified Answers
Adaptive Life Cycle A project life cycle, also known as change-driven or agile methods, that is
intended to facilitate change and require a high degree of ongoing stakeholder
involvement. Blank are also iterative and incremental, but differ in that iterations
are very rapid (usually 2-4 weeks in length) and are fixed in time and resources.
Additional Quality Planning Tools A set of tools used to define the quality requirements and to plan effective
quality management activities. They include, but are not limited to:
brainstorming, force field analysis, nominal group techniques and quality
management control tools.
Adjusting Leads and Lags A technique used to find ways to bring project activities that are behind into
alignment with plan during project execution.
Advertising The process of calling public attention to a project or effort.
Affinity Diagram A group creativity technique that allows large numbers of ideas to be classified
onto groups for review and analysis.
Agreements Any document or communication that defines the initial intentions of a project.
This can take the form of a contract, memorandum of understanding (MOU),
letters of agreement, verbal agreements, email, etc.
Alternative Analysis A technique used to evaluate identified options in order to select which
options or approaches to use to execute and perform the work of the project.
Alternatives Generation A technique used to develop as many potential options as possible in order to
identify different approaches to execute and perform the work of the project.
Analogous Estimating A technique for estimating the duration or cost of an activity or a project using
historical data from a similar activity or project.
Analytical Techniques Various techniques used to evaluate, analyze, or forecast potential outcomes
based on possible variations of project or environmental variables and their
relationships with other variables. Examples are Regression Analysis, Earned
Value Management, and Time Series Forecasting methods.
Application Area A category of projects that have common components significant in such
projects, but are not needed or present in all projects. Blanks are usually
defined in terms of either the product (i.e. by similar technologies or
production methods) or the type of customer (i.e. internal versus external,
government versus commercial) or industry sector (i.e. utilities, automotive,
aerospace, information technologies, etc.) Blanks can overlap.
Applying Leads and Lags A technique that is used to adjust the amount of time between predecessor
and successor activities.
,PMP Exam | Project Management Professional | Complete Practice Questions & Verified Answers
Apportioned Effort An activity where effort is allotted proportionately across certain discreet
efforts and not divisible into discreet efforts. (Note: blank is one of three
earned value management (EVM) types of activities used to measure work
performance).
Approved Change Request A blank has been processed through the integrated change control process
and approved.
Approved Change Requests Review A review of the change requests to verify that these were implemented as
approved.
Assumption A factor in the planning process that is considered to be true, real, or certain,
without proof or demonstration.
Assumptions Analysis A technique that explores the accuracy of assumptions and identifies risks to
the project from inaccuracy, inconsistency, or incompleteness of assumptions.
Attribute Sampling Method of measuring quality that consists of noting the presence (or absence)
of some characteristic (attribute) in each of the units under consideration. After
each unit is inspected, the decision is made to accept a lot, reject it, or inspect
another unit.
Authority The right to apply project resources, expend funds, make decisions, or give
approvals.
Backlog A listing of product requirements and deliverables to be completed, written as
stories, and prioritized by the business to manage and organize the project's
work.
Backward Pass A critical path method technique for calculating the late start and the late finish
dates by working backward through the schedule model from the project end
date.
Bar Chart Graphic display of schedule-related information. In the typical blank, schedule
activities or work breakdown structure components are listed down the left
side of the chart, dates are shown across the top, and activity durations are
shown as date-placed horizontal bars.
Baseline The approved version of a work product that can be changed only through
formal change control procedures and is used as a basis for comparison.
, PMP Exam | Project Management Professional | Complete Practice Questions & Verified Answers
Basis of Estimates Supporting documentation outlining the details used in establishing project
estimates such as assumptions, constraints, level of detail, ranges, and
confidence levels.
Benchmarking Blank is the comparison of actual or planned practices, such as processes and
operations, to those of comparible organizations to identify best practices,
generate ideas for improvement, and provide a basis for measuring
performance.
Bidder Conference The meetings with prospective sellers prior to the preparation of a bid or
proposal to ensure all prospective vendors have a clear and common
understanding of the procurement. Also know as contractor conferences,
vendor conferences, or pre-bid conferences.
Bottom-Up Estimating A method of estimating project duration or cost by aggregating the estimates
of the lower-level components of the work breakdown structure (WBS).
Brainstorming A general data gathering or creativity technique that can be used to identify
risks, ideas or solutions to issues by using a group of team members or subject
matter experts.
Budget The approved estimate for the project or any work breakdown structure
component or any schedule activity.
Budget at Completion (BAC) The sum of all budgets established for the work to be performed.
Business Case A documented economic feasibility study used to establish validity of the
benefits of a selected component lacking sufficient definition and that is used
as a basis for the authorization of further project management activities.
Business Value A concept that is unique to each organization and includes tangible and
intangible elements. Through the effective use of project, program, and
portfolio management disciplines, organizations will possess the ability to
employ reliable, established processes to meet enterprise objectives and to
obtain greater business value from their investments.
Buyer The acquirer of products, services, or results for an organization.
Cause and Effect Diagram A decomposition technique that helps trace an undesirable effect back to its
root cause.
Central Tendency A property of the central limit theorem predicting that the data observations in
a distribution will tend to group around a central location. The three typical
measures of blank are the mean, medium, and mode.
Change Control A process whereby modifications to documents, deliverables, or baselines
associated with the project are identified, documented, approved, or rejected.
Change Control Board (CCB) A formally chartered group responsible for reviewing, evaluating, approving,
delaying, or rejecting changes to the project, and for recording and
communicating such decisions.
