NCLEX-RN Fundamentals of Nursing 2026 —
Complete Study Guide & Prac ce Ques ons
1. What is the first step of the nursing process?
A. Planning
B. Assessment
C. Implementation
D. Evaluation
Answer: B. Assessment
Rationale: Assessment is the first step of ADPIE and involves collecting subjective and objective
client information.
2. Which action is an example of subjective data?
A. Blood pressure is 150/90 mm Hg.
B. Temperature is 38.5°C.
C. The client states, "I feel nauseated."
D. Respirations are 28/minute.
Answer: C. The client states, "I feel nauseated."
Rationale: Subjective data are symptoms or information reported by the client.
3. Which action is part of the evaluation phase?
A. Collecting vital signs
B. Identifying client problems
C. Determining whether outcomes were achieved
D. Performing an intervention
Answer: C. Determining whether outcomes were achieved
Rationale: Evaluation determines whether nursing interventions were effective and expected
outcomes were met.
,4. A nurse identifies the diagnosis "Risk for Falls." This diagnosis belongs to
which step?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Planning
D. Evaluation
Answer: B. Diagnosis
Rationale: During the diagnosis phase, the nurse analyzes assessment data and identifies actual
or potential health problems.
5. Which outcome is most appropriate?
A. Client will improve soon.
B. Client will feel better.
C. Client will ambulate 50 feet with assistance by the end of the shift.
D. Nurse will assist the client with walking.
Answer: C. Client will ambulate 50 feet with assistance by the end of the shift.
Rationale: Expected outcomes should be client-centered, measurable, and time-specific.
6. A nurse asks, "How have you been sleeping recently?" What communication
technique is being used?
A. Giving advice
B. Asking an open-ended question
C. Changing the subject
D. Offering false reassurance
Answer: B. Asking an open-ended question
Rationale: Open-ended questions encourage clients to provide more detailed information.
7. Which response demonstrates therapeutic communication?
,A. "You should not worry about that."
B. "Everything will be fine."
C. "Tell me more about what concerns you."
D. "You need to think positively."
Answer: C. "Tell me more about what concerns you."
Rationale: This response encourages expression and demonstrates active listening.
8. A client begins crying. What is the nurse's best response?
A. Leave immediately.
B. Change the topic.
C. Sit quietly with the client and offer support.
D. Tell the client not to cry.
Answer: C. Sit quietly with the client and offer support.
Rationale: Therapeutic presence and silence can provide emotional support.
9. Which communication method is most appropriate for a client with hearing
impairment?
A. Speak rapidly.
B. Face the client while speaking clearly.
C. Shout into the client's ear.
D. Speak while looking away.
Answer: B. Face the client while speaking clearly.
Rationale: Facing the client supports lip-reading and allows observation of facial expressions.
10. Which statement demonstrates cultural sensitivity?
A. "Everyone should follow the same health practices."
B. "Tell me about any cultural practices that are important to your care."
C. "Your beliefs are not relevant to treatment."
D. "My beliefs are better for your health."
Answer: B. "Tell me about any cultural practices that are important to your care."
, Rationale: Culturally sensitive care respects the client's beliefs, values, and preferences.
11. Which action best demonstrates client advocacy?
A. Ignoring a client's concern
B. Supporting the client's right to make informed decisions
C. Making decisions without the client
D. Sharing private information unnecessarily
Answer: B. Supporting the client's right to make informed decisions
Rationale: Advocacy includes protecting client rights and supporting informed decision-making.
12. Which action requires the nurse's professional judgment and should not be
delegated?
A. Making an occupied bed
B. Obtaining routine vital signs
C. Performing an initial assessment
D. Assisting with hygiene
Answer: C. Performing an initial assessment
Rationale: Assessment requires nursing knowledge and judgment and is the responsibility of the
RN.
13. Which information is appropriate to document?
A. "Client was difficult."
B. "Client was rude."
C. "Client refused to make eye contact and stated, 'Leave me alone.'"
D. "Client had a bad attitude."
Answer: C. "Client refused to make eye contact and stated, 'Leave me alone.'"
Rationale: Documentation should be factual, objective, and include direct client statements when
appropriate.
Complete Study Guide & Prac ce Ques ons
1. What is the first step of the nursing process?
A. Planning
B. Assessment
C. Implementation
D. Evaluation
Answer: B. Assessment
Rationale: Assessment is the first step of ADPIE and involves collecting subjective and objective
client information.
2. Which action is an example of subjective data?
A. Blood pressure is 150/90 mm Hg.
B. Temperature is 38.5°C.
C. The client states, "I feel nauseated."
D. Respirations are 28/minute.
Answer: C. The client states, "I feel nauseated."
Rationale: Subjective data are symptoms or information reported by the client.
3. Which action is part of the evaluation phase?
A. Collecting vital signs
B. Identifying client problems
C. Determining whether outcomes were achieved
D. Performing an intervention
Answer: C. Determining whether outcomes were achieved
Rationale: Evaluation determines whether nursing interventions were effective and expected
outcomes were met.
,4. A nurse identifies the diagnosis "Risk for Falls." This diagnosis belongs to
which step?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Planning
D. Evaluation
Answer: B. Diagnosis
Rationale: During the diagnosis phase, the nurse analyzes assessment data and identifies actual
or potential health problems.
5. Which outcome is most appropriate?
A. Client will improve soon.
B. Client will feel better.
C. Client will ambulate 50 feet with assistance by the end of the shift.
D. Nurse will assist the client with walking.
Answer: C. Client will ambulate 50 feet with assistance by the end of the shift.
Rationale: Expected outcomes should be client-centered, measurable, and time-specific.
6. A nurse asks, "How have you been sleeping recently?" What communication
technique is being used?
A. Giving advice
B. Asking an open-ended question
C. Changing the subject
D. Offering false reassurance
Answer: B. Asking an open-ended question
Rationale: Open-ended questions encourage clients to provide more detailed information.
7. Which response demonstrates therapeutic communication?
,A. "You should not worry about that."
B. "Everything will be fine."
C. "Tell me more about what concerns you."
D. "You need to think positively."
Answer: C. "Tell me more about what concerns you."
Rationale: This response encourages expression and demonstrates active listening.
8. A client begins crying. What is the nurse's best response?
A. Leave immediately.
B. Change the topic.
C. Sit quietly with the client and offer support.
D. Tell the client not to cry.
Answer: C. Sit quietly with the client and offer support.
Rationale: Therapeutic presence and silence can provide emotional support.
9. Which communication method is most appropriate for a client with hearing
impairment?
A. Speak rapidly.
B. Face the client while speaking clearly.
C. Shout into the client's ear.
D. Speak while looking away.
Answer: B. Face the client while speaking clearly.
Rationale: Facing the client supports lip-reading and allows observation of facial expressions.
10. Which statement demonstrates cultural sensitivity?
A. "Everyone should follow the same health practices."
B. "Tell me about any cultural practices that are important to your care."
C. "Your beliefs are not relevant to treatment."
D. "My beliefs are better for your health."
Answer: B. "Tell me about any cultural practices that are important to your care."
, Rationale: Culturally sensitive care respects the client's beliefs, values, and preferences.
11. Which action best demonstrates client advocacy?
A. Ignoring a client's concern
B. Supporting the client's right to make informed decisions
C. Making decisions without the client
D. Sharing private information unnecessarily
Answer: B. Supporting the client's right to make informed decisions
Rationale: Advocacy includes protecting client rights and supporting informed decision-making.
12. Which action requires the nurse's professional judgment and should not be
delegated?
A. Making an occupied bed
B. Obtaining routine vital signs
C. Performing an initial assessment
D. Assisting with hygiene
Answer: C. Performing an initial assessment
Rationale: Assessment requires nursing knowledge and judgment and is the responsibility of the
RN.
13. Which information is appropriate to document?
A. "Client was difficult."
B. "Client was rude."
C. "Client refused to make eye contact and stated, 'Leave me alone.'"
D. "Client had a bad attitude."
Answer: C. "Client refused to make eye contact and stated, 'Leave me alone.'"
Rationale: Documentation should be factual, objective, and include direct client statements when
appropriate.
