SPCE 611 EXAM PREP TEST BANK VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
●● What are the three types of investigations in science?
Answer: 1. description
2. prediction
3. control
●● Description
Answer: collection of facts about observed events that can be quantified,
classified, and examined for possible relations
- suggests hypotheses or questions
●● Prediction
Answer: relative probability that when one event occurs, another event
will or will not occur
- based on repeated observations that reveal correlations
- no causal relationships can be interpreted
●● Control
Answer: highest level of scientific understanding
- functional relations can be derived
,●● Functional Relation
Answer: specific change in one event (DV) can reliably be produced by
specific manipulations of another event (IV)
●● What are the six scientific attitudes?
Answer: 1. determinism
2. empiricism
3. experimentation
4. replication
5. parsimony
6. philosophic doubt
●● Determinism
Answer: presumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in
which all phenomena occur as a result of other events
- assumption upon which science is predicated
- events do not just occur at will
- events are related in systematic ways
●● Empiricism
Answer: practice of objective observation of phenomena of interest
- what all scientific knowledge is built upon
, ●● Experimentation
Answer: basic strategy in most sciences
●● Experiment
Answer: carefully conducted comparison of some measure of the
phenomenon of interest (DV) under two or more different conditions
where only one factor at a time (IV) differs
●● Replication
Answer: the repeating of experiments to determine the reliability and
usefulness of findings
- includes repetition of IV conditions
- methods where mistakes are discovered
●● Parsimony
Answer: the idea that simple, logical explanations must be rules out,
experimentally or conceptually, before more complex or abstract
explanations are considered
- helps scientists fit findings within the field's existing knowledge base
●● Philosophic Doubt
Answer: the continual questioning of the truthfulness and validity of all
scientific theory and knowledge
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
●● What are the three types of investigations in science?
Answer: 1. description
2. prediction
3. control
●● Description
Answer: collection of facts about observed events that can be quantified,
classified, and examined for possible relations
- suggests hypotheses or questions
●● Prediction
Answer: relative probability that when one event occurs, another event
will or will not occur
- based on repeated observations that reveal correlations
- no causal relationships can be interpreted
●● Control
Answer: highest level of scientific understanding
- functional relations can be derived
,●● Functional Relation
Answer: specific change in one event (DV) can reliably be produced by
specific manipulations of another event (IV)
●● What are the six scientific attitudes?
Answer: 1. determinism
2. empiricism
3. experimentation
4. replication
5. parsimony
6. philosophic doubt
●● Determinism
Answer: presumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in
which all phenomena occur as a result of other events
- assumption upon which science is predicated
- events do not just occur at will
- events are related in systematic ways
●● Empiricism
Answer: practice of objective observation of phenomena of interest
- what all scientific knowledge is built upon
, ●● Experimentation
Answer: basic strategy in most sciences
●● Experiment
Answer: carefully conducted comparison of some measure of the
phenomenon of interest (DV) under two or more different conditions
where only one factor at a time (IV) differs
●● Replication
Answer: the repeating of experiments to determine the reliability and
usefulness of findings
- includes repetition of IV conditions
- methods where mistakes are discovered
●● Parsimony
Answer: the idea that simple, logical explanations must be rules out,
experimentally or conceptually, before more complex or abstract
explanations are considered
- helps scientists fit findings within the field's existing knowledge base
●● Philosophic Doubt
Answer: the continual questioning of the truthfulness and validity of all
scientific theory and knowledge
