1
Grade 12
EC/SEPTEMBER 2025; EC/SEPTEMBER 2023; GAU P2_2025; GAU P2_2024. IMAGES: AI Generated. Based on typical examination questions
Important:
These study notes are revised and updated annually to align with the CAPS curriculum
and current exam requirements. This document is based on past examination papers.
Content was adapted and structured for exam preparation purposes. AI tools were used
to assist with formatting, rephrasing and differentiation.
These notes are designed to help learners:
• Understand key concepts
• Practise exam-style questions
• Identify important themes and patterns in assessments
To ensure learners work with the most relevant and up-to-date content, parents and
learners are encouraged to confirm that they are using the latest version of the notes. If
you are unsure whether you have the latest version, please feel free to contact me at:
Please note that these notes are compiled as a structured study aid for exam
preparation and do not replace the prescribed textbook or classroom instruction.
IMAGES: Canva & AI Generated
REMEMBER: You must study Term 1, 2 and Term 3 STUDY NOTES for the Prelim
Exam.
Good luck
Juffrou Ansie
, 2
Contents
Matter & Materials: Organic Chemistry ...................................................................... 2
Organic Reactions: Esterification, Dehydration, Addition and Elimination ................. 2
Complete Combustion and Empirical Formulae ..................................................... 8
Chemical Change: Rate of Reaction .......................................................................... 8
Reaction Rate Calculations ................................................................................... 8
Chemical Change: Chemical Equilibrium ................................................................ 13
Le Chatelier’s Principle ....................................................................................... 13
Kc Calculations with Solids and Gases ................................................................. 16
Chemical Change: Acids and Bases ........................................................................ 19
Chemical Change: Electrochemistry ....................................................................... 28
Matter & Materials: Organic Chemistry
Organic Reactions: Esterification, Dehydration, Addition and
Elimination
Consider the following reaction:
_____________________________________________________
Four bottles containing organic compounds are found in the laboratory. The
chemicals are used in various reactions. (Gau P2_2025)
, 3
Identify the type of reaction that occurs when each of the following reactants
are used:
Bottle A and bottle D
Bromine water and bottle C
Bottle B and concentrated sulphuric acid
Give the structural formula of the alcohol in bottle B if the alcohol has a prefix
of hex.
Use structural formulae to represent the chemical equation for the formation of
the ester called butyl propanoate while using the primary alcohol in bottle A.
Include the IUPAC names for the reactants.
Concentrated sulphuric acid is added to the reaction above.
What is the function of the acid?
To act as a catalyst
Give the name of the functional group for bottle B.
, 4
Hydroxyl (group)
Bottle C is used to produce an alcohol.
Name the reaction conditions required
Give the structural formula of the major product that forms.
Name the type of addition reaction that occurs.
Two products are formed during this reaction. The products can be
separated through distillation. Which property of the compounds allows this
separation?
By using their different boiling points.
_______________________________________________________
Consider the flow diagram below: (EC/SEPTEMBER 2025)
Consider reaction I.
The name of reaction = Esterification/Condensation
The STRUCTURAL FORMULA of the carboxylic acid need
Grade 12
EC/SEPTEMBER 2025; EC/SEPTEMBER 2023; GAU P2_2025; GAU P2_2024. IMAGES: AI Generated. Based on typical examination questions
Important:
These study notes are revised and updated annually to align with the CAPS curriculum
and current exam requirements. This document is based on past examination papers.
Content was adapted and structured for exam preparation purposes. AI tools were used
to assist with formatting, rephrasing and differentiation.
These notes are designed to help learners:
• Understand key concepts
• Practise exam-style questions
• Identify important themes and patterns in assessments
To ensure learners work with the most relevant and up-to-date content, parents and
learners are encouraged to confirm that they are using the latest version of the notes. If
you are unsure whether you have the latest version, please feel free to contact me at:
Please note that these notes are compiled as a structured study aid for exam
preparation and do not replace the prescribed textbook or classroom instruction.
IMAGES: Canva & AI Generated
REMEMBER: You must study Term 1, 2 and Term 3 STUDY NOTES for the Prelim
Exam.
Good luck
Juffrou Ansie
, 2
Contents
Matter & Materials: Organic Chemistry ...................................................................... 2
Organic Reactions: Esterification, Dehydration, Addition and Elimination ................. 2
Complete Combustion and Empirical Formulae ..................................................... 8
Chemical Change: Rate of Reaction .......................................................................... 8
Reaction Rate Calculations ................................................................................... 8
Chemical Change: Chemical Equilibrium ................................................................ 13
Le Chatelier’s Principle ....................................................................................... 13
Kc Calculations with Solids and Gases ................................................................. 16
Chemical Change: Acids and Bases ........................................................................ 19
Chemical Change: Electrochemistry ....................................................................... 28
Matter & Materials: Organic Chemistry
Organic Reactions: Esterification, Dehydration, Addition and
Elimination
Consider the following reaction:
_____________________________________________________
Four bottles containing organic compounds are found in the laboratory. The
chemicals are used in various reactions. (Gau P2_2025)
, 3
Identify the type of reaction that occurs when each of the following reactants
are used:
Bottle A and bottle D
Bromine water and bottle C
Bottle B and concentrated sulphuric acid
Give the structural formula of the alcohol in bottle B if the alcohol has a prefix
of hex.
Use structural formulae to represent the chemical equation for the formation of
the ester called butyl propanoate while using the primary alcohol in bottle A.
Include the IUPAC names for the reactants.
Concentrated sulphuric acid is added to the reaction above.
What is the function of the acid?
To act as a catalyst
Give the name of the functional group for bottle B.
, 4
Hydroxyl (group)
Bottle C is used to produce an alcohol.
Name the reaction conditions required
Give the structural formula of the major product that forms.
Name the type of addition reaction that occurs.
Two products are formed during this reaction. The products can be
separated through distillation. Which property of the compounds allows this
separation?
By using their different boiling points.
_______________________________________________________
Consider the flow diagram below: (EC/SEPTEMBER 2025)
Consider reaction I.
The name of reaction = Esterification/Condensation
The STRUCTURAL FORMULA of the carboxylic acid need
