1
Grade 12
EC/SEPTEMBER 2025; EC/SEPTEMBER 2023; GAU P1_2025; GAU P1_2024. IMAGES: AI Generated. Based on typical examination questions
Important:
These study notes are revised and updated annually to align with the CAPS curriculum
and current exam requirements. This document is based on past examination papers.
Content was adapted and structured for exam preparation purposes. AI tools were used
to assist with formatting, rephrasing and differentiation.
These notes are designed to help learners:
• Understand key concepts
• Practise exam-style questions
• Identify important themes and patterns in assessments
To ensure learners work with the most relevant and up-to-date content, parents and
learners are encouraged to confirm that they are using the latest version of the notes. If
you are unsure whether you have the latest version, please feel free to contact me at:
Please note that these notes are compiled as a structured study aid for exam
preparation and do not replace the prescribed textbook or classroom instruction.
IMAGES: Canva & AI Generated
REMEMBER: You must study Term 1, 2 and Term 3 STUDY NOTES for the Prelim
Exam.
Good luck
Juffrou Ansie
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 2
Contents
Mechanics............................................................................................................... 3
Newton’s Laws ..................................................................................................... 3
Vertical Projectile Motion ...................................................................................... 5
Momentum ........................................................................................................ 10
Work, Energy and Power ...................................................................................... 15
Waves, Sound and Light ......................................................................................... 19
Doppler Effect .................................................................................................... 19
Photoelectric Effect ............................................................................................ 23
Electricity and Magnetism ...................................................................................... 27
Electrostatics ..................................................................................................... 27
Electric Circuits .................................................................................................. 32
Electrodynamics ................................................................................................ 40
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 3
Mechanics
Newton’s Laws
Review Term 1 & 2 study Notes
A truck of mass 1 300 kg is connected to a car of mass 950 kg by means of an
inextensible, massless rope, R, and pulls the car along a straight horizontal rough road.
The engine of the truck applies a force of 9 000 N to move the truck-car combination to
the left as shown in the diagram below. The truck experiences a constant frictional force
of 3 500 N. The truck and car move at a CONSTANT VELOCITY. (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023)
Ignore the rotational effects of the wheels
A learner states that if the truck comes to a sudden stop, the car will continue moving at
a constant velocity.
Which physics law did this learner apply to make this statement? Newton’s First
Law.
Draw a labelled free-body diagram of all forces acting on the truck.
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 4
Calculate the:
Tension in the rope connecting the truck and the car (3)
The coefficient of kinetic friction between the car and the road (4)
The rope between the truck and the car suddenly breaks and the car continues to
move to the left before coming to rest.
Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration of the car after the rope breaks
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
Grade 12
EC/SEPTEMBER 2025; EC/SEPTEMBER 2023; GAU P1_2025; GAU P1_2024. IMAGES: AI Generated. Based on typical examination questions
Important:
These study notes are revised and updated annually to align with the CAPS curriculum
and current exam requirements. This document is based on past examination papers.
Content was adapted and structured for exam preparation purposes. AI tools were used
to assist with formatting, rephrasing and differentiation.
These notes are designed to help learners:
• Understand key concepts
• Practise exam-style questions
• Identify important themes and patterns in assessments
To ensure learners work with the most relevant and up-to-date content, parents and
learners are encouraged to confirm that they are using the latest version of the notes. If
you are unsure whether you have the latest version, please feel free to contact me at:
Please note that these notes are compiled as a structured study aid for exam
preparation and do not replace the prescribed textbook or classroom instruction.
IMAGES: Canva & AI Generated
REMEMBER: You must study Term 1, 2 and Term 3 STUDY NOTES for the Prelim
Exam.
Good luck
Juffrou Ansie
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 2
Contents
Mechanics............................................................................................................... 3
Newton’s Laws ..................................................................................................... 3
Vertical Projectile Motion ...................................................................................... 5
Momentum ........................................................................................................ 10
Work, Energy and Power ...................................................................................... 15
Waves, Sound and Light ......................................................................................... 19
Doppler Effect .................................................................................................... 19
Photoelectric Effect ............................................................................................ 23
Electricity and Magnetism ...................................................................................... 27
Electrostatics ..................................................................................................... 27
Electric Circuits .................................................................................................. 32
Electrodynamics ................................................................................................ 40
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 3
Mechanics
Newton’s Laws
Review Term 1 & 2 study Notes
A truck of mass 1 300 kg is connected to a car of mass 950 kg by means of an
inextensible, massless rope, R, and pulls the car along a straight horizontal rough road.
The engine of the truck applies a force of 9 000 N to move the truck-car combination to
the left as shown in the diagram below. The truck experiences a constant frictional force
of 3 500 N. The truck and car move at a CONSTANT VELOCITY. (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023)
Ignore the rotational effects of the wheels
A learner states that if the truck comes to a sudden stop, the car will continue moving at
a constant velocity.
Which physics law did this learner apply to make this statement? Newton’s First
Law.
Draw a labelled free-body diagram of all forces acting on the truck.
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 4
Calculate the:
Tension in the rope connecting the truck and the car (3)
The coefficient of kinetic friction between the car and the road (4)
The rope between the truck and the car suddenly breaks and the car continues to
move to the left before coming to rest.
Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration of the car after the rope breaks
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
