BIOL180 Lesson 9 Quiz – Plant Structure
and Function Exam Practice Questions
And Correct Answers (Verified Answers)
Plus Rationale 2026 Q&A| Instant
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1. Which of the following structures primarily anchors a plant in the soil
while absorbing water and dissolved minerals?
A. Stem
B. Root
C. Leaf
D. Flower
Rationale: Roots provide mechanical support by anchoring the plant and
are the primary organs responsible for absorbing water and mineral
nutrients from the soil through root hairs.
2. Which plant tissue is responsible for transporting water and dissolved
minerals from the roots to the leaves?
A. Phloem
B. Xylem
C. Epidermis
D. Cortex
,Rationale: Xylem transports water and minerals upward from the roots to
the stems and leaves through vessels and tracheids.
3. Which tissue transports sugars produced during photosynthesis to
other parts of the plant?
A. Xylem
B. Phloem
C. Epidermis
D. Pith
Rationale: Phloem distributes sugars and other organic compounds from
sources such as leaves to growing and storage tissues.
4. Root hairs primarily function to:
A. Produce flowers
B. Store starch
C. Increase surface area for water absorption
D. Conduct photosynthesis
Rationale: Root hairs greatly increase the root's surface area, enhancing
efficient absorption of water and mineral nutrients.
5. Which layer of the root regulates the movement of water into the
vascular tissue through the Casparian strip?
A. Epidermis
B. Cortex
C. Endodermis
D. Pericycle
Rationale: The endodermis contains the Casparian strip, which controls
selective entry of water and minerals into the vascular cylinder.
6. The vascular cambium is responsible for:
A. Primary growth only
B. Producing flowers
, C. Secondary growth that increases stem thickness
D. Forming root hairs
Rationale: The vascular cambium produces secondary xylem and
secondary phloem, increasing the diameter of woody plants.
7. Which region of the root contains actively dividing cells?
A. Root cap
B. Apical meristem
C. Zone of maturation
D. Cortex
Rationale: The apical meristem contains rapidly dividing cells responsible
for primary growth of roots.
8. The root cap mainly functions to:
A. Store food
B. Protect the growing root tip
C. Absorb sunlight
D. Produce chlorophyll
Rationale: The root cap protects delicate meristematic tissue as the root
pushes through soil.
9. Which plant organ is the primary site of photosynthesis?
A. Root
B. Flower
C. Leaf
D. Fruit
Rationale: Leaves contain abundant chloroplasts within mesophyll cells,
making them the principal sites of photosynthesis.
10. The tiny pores on leaf surfaces that regulate gas exchange are
called:
and Function Exam Practice Questions
And Correct Answers (Verified Answers)
Plus Rationale 2026 Q&A| Instant
Download Pdf
1. Which of the following structures primarily anchors a plant in the soil
while absorbing water and dissolved minerals?
A. Stem
B. Root
C. Leaf
D. Flower
Rationale: Roots provide mechanical support by anchoring the plant and
are the primary organs responsible for absorbing water and mineral
nutrients from the soil through root hairs.
2. Which plant tissue is responsible for transporting water and dissolved
minerals from the roots to the leaves?
A. Phloem
B. Xylem
C. Epidermis
D. Cortex
,Rationale: Xylem transports water and minerals upward from the roots to
the stems and leaves through vessels and tracheids.
3. Which tissue transports sugars produced during photosynthesis to
other parts of the plant?
A. Xylem
B. Phloem
C. Epidermis
D. Pith
Rationale: Phloem distributes sugars and other organic compounds from
sources such as leaves to growing and storage tissues.
4. Root hairs primarily function to:
A. Produce flowers
B. Store starch
C. Increase surface area for water absorption
D. Conduct photosynthesis
Rationale: Root hairs greatly increase the root's surface area, enhancing
efficient absorption of water and mineral nutrients.
5. Which layer of the root regulates the movement of water into the
vascular tissue through the Casparian strip?
A. Epidermis
B. Cortex
C. Endodermis
D. Pericycle
Rationale: The endodermis contains the Casparian strip, which controls
selective entry of water and minerals into the vascular cylinder.
6. The vascular cambium is responsible for:
A. Primary growth only
B. Producing flowers
, C. Secondary growth that increases stem thickness
D. Forming root hairs
Rationale: The vascular cambium produces secondary xylem and
secondary phloem, increasing the diameter of woody plants.
7. Which region of the root contains actively dividing cells?
A. Root cap
B. Apical meristem
C. Zone of maturation
D. Cortex
Rationale: The apical meristem contains rapidly dividing cells responsible
for primary growth of roots.
8. The root cap mainly functions to:
A. Store food
B. Protect the growing root tip
C. Absorb sunlight
D. Produce chlorophyll
Rationale: The root cap protects delicate meristematic tissue as the root
pushes through soil.
9. Which plant organ is the primary site of photosynthesis?
A. Root
B. Flower
C. Leaf
D. Fruit
Rationale: Leaves contain abundant chloroplasts within mesophyll cells,
making them the principal sites of photosynthesis.
10. The tiny pores on leaf surfaces that regulate gas exchange are
called:
