Chemistry unit 2 notes
1.1 alkanes
Organic compound: molecular compound de carbon (does not include CO, CO2, HCN)
Hydrocarbon: compound containing only carbon and hydrogen
Alkane (saturated hydrocarbon): hydrocarbon with only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms
◦
Carbon
◦ane - single bond
Crittentz
◦ene - double bond
Critten
◦yne - triple bond Critten 2
◦Angle between 2 carbons is 109.5° not 180° (zigzag formation)
Structural isomer: compound with same molecular structure formula as another but different structure
If branch (alkyl group ) contains 4 or more carbons, structural isomer can occur
1. Identify parent chain
2. Know all groups attached
A. Alkane: Start where lowest # attached is first
B. Alkene or alkyne: start where carbon involved multiple bond is lowest
C. If there are more than 1 with same # so based off of alphabet
3. If more than one of sane y1 group, use prefix
Alkane are non polar so they only have LDF
◦Saturated hydrocarbons have now boiling and melting points
‣ AS chain of hydrocarbons increase, so does the boiling point
◦Un reactive because single covalent bonds between carbon is hard to break
◦Can undergo combustion reactions if ignited in air
Hydrogen atoms can be substituted for halogens
◦More polar so higher boiling and melting points
1.2 alkanes and alkanes
Saturated = only single bonds
Unsaturated = double or triple bonds
◦Lower boiling Points
◦More reactive
Aliphatic hydrocarbon: structure based on straight or branched chains or rings of carbon atoms
◦They are all aliphatic hydrocarbons
For chains with more than 3 carbons, positive of bond must be indicated
1.1 alkanes
Organic compound: molecular compound de carbon (does not include CO, CO2, HCN)
Hydrocarbon: compound containing only carbon and hydrogen
Alkane (saturated hydrocarbon): hydrocarbon with only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms
◦
Carbon
◦ane - single bond
Crittentz
◦ene - double bond
Critten
◦yne - triple bond Critten 2
◦Angle between 2 carbons is 109.5° not 180° (zigzag formation)
Structural isomer: compound with same molecular structure formula as another but different structure
If branch (alkyl group ) contains 4 or more carbons, structural isomer can occur
1. Identify parent chain
2. Know all groups attached
A. Alkane: Start where lowest # attached is first
B. Alkene or alkyne: start where carbon involved multiple bond is lowest
C. If there are more than 1 with same # so based off of alphabet
3. If more than one of sane y1 group, use prefix
Alkane are non polar so they only have LDF
◦Saturated hydrocarbons have now boiling and melting points
‣ AS chain of hydrocarbons increase, so does the boiling point
◦Un reactive because single covalent bonds between carbon is hard to break
◦Can undergo combustion reactions if ignited in air
Hydrogen atoms can be substituted for halogens
◦More polar so higher boiling and melting points
1.2 alkanes and alkanes
Saturated = only single bonds
Unsaturated = double or triple bonds
◦Lower boiling Points
◦More reactive
Aliphatic hydrocarbon: structure based on straight or branched chains or rings of carbon atoms
◦They are all aliphatic hydrocarbons
For chains with more than 3 carbons, positive of bond must be indicated
