Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections (5th Edition, Pierce, 2022) – Complete Test Bank for Chapters 1–18|Practice Questions with Answers

TESTBANK FOR GENETICS ESSENTIALS CONCEPTS AND CONNECTIONS 5TH Edition By
Benjamin Pierce

, TABLEOFCONTENT ir ir




Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics ........................................................................3
ir ir ir i r




Chapter 02: Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction ............................................... 15
ir ir ir ir ir




Chapter 03: Basic Principles of Heredity .................................................................. 32
ir ir ir ir ir




Chapter 04: Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles...................................... 59
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir




Chapter 05: Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping ........................... 98
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir




Chapter 06: Chromosome Variation ...................................................................... 115
ir ir i r




Chapter 07: Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems .................................................... 139
ir ir ir ir ir ir




Chapter 08 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene ................................................ 152
ir ir ir ir ir i r ir ir




Chapter 09: DNA Replication and Recombination .................................................... 181
ir ir ir ir ir




Chapter 10: From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing ...................... 198
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir




Chapter 11: From DNA to Proteins: Translation ...................................................... 224
ir ir ir i r ir ir




Chapter 12: Control of Gene Expression ................................................................ 244
ir ir ir ir ir




Chapter 13: Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and DNA Repair...................... 278
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir




Chapter 14: Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology ...................................... 298
ir ir ir ir ir ir




Chapter 15: Genomics and Proteomics .................................................................. 314
ir ir ir i r




Chapter 16: Cancer Genetics ............................................................................... 332
ir ir ir




Chapter 17: Quantitative Genetics ........................................................................ 346
ir ir ir




Chapter 18: Population and Evolutionary Genetics .................................................. 366
ir ir ir ir ir

,Chapter01:IntroductiontoGenetics ir ir ir ir




1. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



,000 people. However, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi village
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



s of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of natural selection why albinism is so rar
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



e in most human populations.
ir ir ir ir




ANSWER: In most populations, there is fairly strong selection against albinism because albinos don
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



’t produce melanin, causing their skin cells not to be protected from the damaging effects
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



of sunlight. Also, the lack of melanin in their eyes causes them to have poor eyesight. Final
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



ly, in most cultures albinos are seen as abnormal, and they are not normally sought out for
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



marriage and mating. Therefore, in most populations the alleles that cause albinism are sel ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



ected against, and they decrease in frequency or are kept at a low level, causing the recessi ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



ve trait to be rare. ir ir ir ir




2. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 2
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



0,000 people. However, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villag
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



es of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of natural selection why the trait is so muc
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



h more common among the Hopis of Black Mesa.
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir




ANSWER: Albinos occupy a privileged position among the Hopis of Black Mesa. In this culture, albino
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



s are viewed as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they often occupy positions of
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



leadership. Albinos are celebrated in the villages as a sign of purity of Hopi blood in the c ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



ommunity.
Furthermore, albinos are often excused from normal male field labor because of their sensi ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



tivity to sunlight, causing them to be left behind in the village with the women during the day ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



time. This allows them extra mating opportunities compared to the other men of the village ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



. Therefore, the alleles that cause albinism are either selected for in this culture or at least n
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



ot selected against as strongly as in other cultures, allowing the trait to occur at a much hig
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



her frequency. ir




3. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of gene
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



tics and the phenomenon is INCORRECT?
ir ir ir ir ir




a. evolution—population genetics ir




b. gene regulation—molecular genetics ir ir




c. allelic frequency alteration—population genetics ir ir ir




d. arrangement of genes on chromosome—transmission genetics ir ir ir ir ir




e. chemical nature of the gene—transmission genetics ir ir ir ir ir




ANSWER: e ir




4. Which one of the following topics of research belongs to the discipline of transmissiongeneti
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



cs?
a. inheritance pattern of gene alleles ir ir ir ir




b. mechanism of DNA replication ir ir ir




c. gene expression patterns ir ir




d. evolution
e. chemical modification of nucleic acids ir ir ir ir




ANSWER: a ir




5. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir




a. chromosome.

, b. alleles.
c. locus.
d. genome.
e. phenotype.
ANSWER: d ir




6. Identify a TRUE statement from the following descriptions concerning genetics.
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir




a. The theory of pangenesis states that all living organisms are composed of cells.
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir




b. Bacteria and viruses are not useful in studying genes and inheritance because they are st
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



ructurally and metabolically different from eukaryotic cells. ir ir ir ir ir ir




c. Charles Darwin accurately described the laws of inheritance in his landmark book, On the
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



Origin of Species. ir ir




d. Many human traits, such as skin and hair color, are determined by more than a single gene.
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir




e. Evolution can occur without genetic changes in the population. ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir




ANSWER: d ir




7. Identify a FALSE statement from the following descriptions of genetics.
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir




a. Humans first applied genetics to the domestication of plants and animals between appr
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



oximately 10,000 and 12,000 years ago. ir ir ir ir ir




b. Some viruses use RNA to carry their genetic information.
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir




c. Albinism results from a mutation in the genes that control the synthesis and storage ofmelanin.
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir




d. All human traits that display blending inheritance are affected by a single gene.
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir




e. The process by which genetic information is copied and decoded is similar for all forms oflife.
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir




ANSWER: d ir




8. Which of the following species is considered a model genetic organism?
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir




a. the plant Linaria vulgaris
ir ir ir




b. the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus
ir ir ir ir




c. the worm Caenorhabditis elegans
ir ir ir




d. the frog Hyla chrysoscelis
ir ir ir




e. the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes
ir ir ir




ANSWER: c ir




9. Which of the following would serve the LEAST well as a model for understanding basic
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir



mechanisms of inheritance? ir ir




a. fruit flies ir




b. humans
c. yeast
d. mice
e. zebrafish
ANSWER: b ir




10. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
ir ir ir ir ir ir




a. Each subdiscipline of genetics is very specific as to what is explored and does not overlap withthe
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir