MH701 FINAL STUDY SHEET 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
◍ Define abuse: Ans: Self-administration of any drug in a culturally
disapproved manner that cause adverse consequences.
◍ Define Addiction: Ans: A behavioral pattern of drug abuse
characterized by overwhelming involvement with the use of a drug
(compulsive use), the securing of it's supply, and a high tendency to
relapse after discontinuation.
◍ Define compulsivity: Ans: Repetitive actions inappropriate to the
situation that persist, that have no obvious relationship to the overall
goal, and often result in undesirable consequences, behavior that results
in preservation, in response in the face of adverse consequences.
◍ Cross-tolerance: Ans: The ability of one drug to suppress the
manifestations of physical dependence produced by another drug to
maintain the physical dependent state.
◍ Dependence: Ans: The physiological state of adaption produced by
repeated administration of certain drugs such as alcohol, heroin and
benzos when they are abruptly discontinued, and are associated with
physical drug withdrawal distinct from the motivational changes of acute
withdrawal and protracted abstinence which is part of addiction.
,◍ Habit: Ans: Responses triggered by environmental stimuli regardless
of the current desirability of the consequences. The condition response
to a stimulus has been reinforced and strengthened either by past
experience with reward (positive reinforcement) or by omission of an
adverse event (negative reinforcement).
◍ Impulsivity: Ans: The tendency to act prematurely without foresight;
actions which are poorly conceived, prematurely expressed, unduly
risky, or inappropriate to the situation. Measured in 2 domains: the
choice of a small, immediate reward over a larger, delayed reward, or the
inability to inhibit behavior to change the course of action or stop a
response once it is initiated.
◍ Rebound: Ans: The exaggerated expression of the original condition
sometimes experiences by patients immediately after cessation of an
effective treatment.
◍ Reinforcement: Ans: The tendency of a pleasure-producing drug to
lead to a repeated self-administration.
◍ Relapse: Ans: The recurrence, upon discontinuation of an effective
medical treatment, of the original condition from which the patient
suffered.
,◍ Tolerance: Ans: When the body becomes less responsive to the drug
with repeated exposure.
◍ Withdrawal: Ans: Painful physical and psychological symptoms that
follow discontinuation of a drug.
◍ What are some substances that can cause addiction? Ans: Stimulants,
nicotine, alcohol, sedative-hypnotics, opioid, marijuana, hallucinogens
and club drugs.
◍ Addiction is characterized by: Ans: compulsive drug craving,
seeking, and use that persist even in the face of negative consequences.
◍ "Feel good" reinforcement is mediated by what pathways in drug
abuse? Ans: dopamine
◍ "Feel bad: reinforcement is mediated by what pathway in drug abuse?
Ans: GABA
◍ DSM-5 criteria for substance abuse? Ans: A maladaptive pattern of
substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress as
manifested by 1 or more of the following, occurring within a 12 month
period:
1. Recurrent substance use resulting in failure to fulfill major role
obligations at work, school or home.
, 2. Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically
hazardous (driving an automobile, operating a machine when impaired).
3. Recurrent substance related legal problems.
4. Continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social
or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the
substance.
◍ DSM-5 criteria for substance dependence: Ans: A maladaptive
pattern of substance abuse, leading to a clinically significant impairment
or distress, as manifested by 3 or more of the following, occurring at any
time in the same 12 month period.
1. Presence or tolerance to a drug.
2. Presence of withdrawal syndrome.
3. The substance is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period
than was intended.
4. There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down on
control substance use.
5. A great el of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the
substance, use the substance, or recover from its effects.
6. Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up
or reduced because of substance use.
7. The substance use is continued despite knowledge of having a
persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problems that is likely
to have been caused or exacerbated by the substance.
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
◍ Define abuse: Ans: Self-administration of any drug in a culturally
disapproved manner that cause adverse consequences.
◍ Define Addiction: Ans: A behavioral pattern of drug abuse
characterized by overwhelming involvement with the use of a drug
(compulsive use), the securing of it's supply, and a high tendency to
relapse after discontinuation.
◍ Define compulsivity: Ans: Repetitive actions inappropriate to the
situation that persist, that have no obvious relationship to the overall
goal, and often result in undesirable consequences, behavior that results
in preservation, in response in the face of adverse consequences.
◍ Cross-tolerance: Ans: The ability of one drug to suppress the
manifestations of physical dependence produced by another drug to
maintain the physical dependent state.
◍ Dependence: Ans: The physiological state of adaption produced by
repeated administration of certain drugs such as alcohol, heroin and
benzos when they are abruptly discontinued, and are associated with
physical drug withdrawal distinct from the motivational changes of acute
withdrawal and protracted abstinence which is part of addiction.
,◍ Habit: Ans: Responses triggered by environmental stimuli regardless
of the current desirability of the consequences. The condition response
to a stimulus has been reinforced and strengthened either by past
experience with reward (positive reinforcement) or by omission of an
adverse event (negative reinforcement).
◍ Impulsivity: Ans: The tendency to act prematurely without foresight;
actions which are poorly conceived, prematurely expressed, unduly
risky, or inappropriate to the situation. Measured in 2 domains: the
choice of a small, immediate reward over a larger, delayed reward, or the
inability to inhibit behavior to change the course of action or stop a
response once it is initiated.
◍ Rebound: Ans: The exaggerated expression of the original condition
sometimes experiences by patients immediately after cessation of an
effective treatment.
◍ Reinforcement: Ans: The tendency of a pleasure-producing drug to
lead to a repeated self-administration.
◍ Relapse: Ans: The recurrence, upon discontinuation of an effective
medical treatment, of the original condition from which the patient
suffered.
,◍ Tolerance: Ans: When the body becomes less responsive to the drug
with repeated exposure.
◍ Withdrawal: Ans: Painful physical and psychological symptoms that
follow discontinuation of a drug.
◍ What are some substances that can cause addiction? Ans: Stimulants,
nicotine, alcohol, sedative-hypnotics, opioid, marijuana, hallucinogens
and club drugs.
◍ Addiction is characterized by: Ans: compulsive drug craving,
seeking, and use that persist even in the face of negative consequences.
◍ "Feel good" reinforcement is mediated by what pathways in drug
abuse? Ans: dopamine
◍ "Feel bad: reinforcement is mediated by what pathway in drug abuse?
Ans: GABA
◍ DSM-5 criteria for substance abuse? Ans: A maladaptive pattern of
substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress as
manifested by 1 or more of the following, occurring within a 12 month
period:
1. Recurrent substance use resulting in failure to fulfill major role
obligations at work, school or home.
, 2. Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically
hazardous (driving an automobile, operating a machine when impaired).
3. Recurrent substance related legal problems.
4. Continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social
or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the
substance.
◍ DSM-5 criteria for substance dependence: Ans: A maladaptive
pattern of substance abuse, leading to a clinically significant impairment
or distress, as manifested by 3 or more of the following, occurring at any
time in the same 12 month period.
1. Presence or tolerance to a drug.
2. Presence of withdrawal syndrome.
3. The substance is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period
than was intended.
4. There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down on
control substance use.
5. A great el of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the
substance, use the substance, or recover from its effects.
6. Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up
or reduced because of substance use.
7. The substance use is continued despite knowledge of having a
persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problems that is likely
to have been caused or exacerbated by the substance.
