NSG 300 Final Exam | (2026) Nursing Exam
Questions | Foundations (PDF)
1. A nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary
catheter. Which action demonstrates the correct principle
of surgical asepsis?
A. Wearing clean gloves and a mask
B. Opening sterile supplies before donning sterile gloves
C. Keeping sterile field above waist level at all times
D. Using a sterile field that is 30 minutes old
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Surgical aseptic technique requires the sterile
field to be kept above waist level and within sight. Sterile
gloves are required (not clean gloves). Supplies are
opened before gloving, but that is not the principle of
asepsis—maintaining field above waist is key.
2. Which patient is at highest risk for a fall?
A. 45-year-old post-op day 2 walking independently
1
,B. 78-year-old with confusion, taking antihypertensives,
getting up at night
C. 30-year-old with a broken ankle using crutches
correctly
D. 60-year-old with mild arthritis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Age >65, confusion, antihypertensives
(orthostatic hypotension), and nocturia are multiple fall
risk factors. The Morse Fall Scale would rate this patient
high risk.
3. A nurse applies wrist restraints to a confused patient
pulling at IV lines. Which action is correct?
A. Tie restraints to the side rail for visibility
B. Apply restraints tightly to prevent movement
C. Tie restraints with a quick-release knot to the bed
frame
D. Leave restraints on for 8 hours before checking
2
,Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Restraints must be tied to the movable bed
frame (not side rail) with a quick-release knot. They
require a physician order, 2-hour release checks, and
never tight application.
4. A small fire starts in a patient’s trash can. What is the
nurse’s priority action?
A. Pull the fire alarm
B. Evacuate the patient
C. Use a fire extinguisher
D. Remove the trash can from the room
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: RACE protocol: Rescue (evacuate patient),
Alarm, Contain, Extinguish. Patient safety is always first.
5. A nurse mistakenly gives digoxin 0.25 mg instead of
0.125 mg. What is the first action?
3
, A. Document the error in the chart
B. Call the physician
C. Check the patient’s vital signs
D. Complete an incident report
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Assess the patient first (vital signs, especially
heart rate) for adverse effects. Then notify physician,
document, and complete incident report.
6. Which finding in a patient with wrist restraints requires
immediate intervention?
A. Capillary refill 2 seconds
B. Pink, warm fingers
C. Cyanosis of the fingers
D. Patient asking for restraint removal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cyanosis indicates impaired circulation.
4
Questions | Foundations (PDF)
1. A nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary
catheter. Which action demonstrates the correct principle
of surgical asepsis?
A. Wearing clean gloves and a mask
B. Opening sterile supplies before donning sterile gloves
C. Keeping sterile field above waist level at all times
D. Using a sterile field that is 30 minutes old
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Surgical aseptic technique requires the sterile
field to be kept above waist level and within sight. Sterile
gloves are required (not clean gloves). Supplies are
opened before gloving, but that is not the principle of
asepsis—maintaining field above waist is key.
2. Which patient is at highest risk for a fall?
A. 45-year-old post-op day 2 walking independently
1
,B. 78-year-old with confusion, taking antihypertensives,
getting up at night
C. 30-year-old with a broken ankle using crutches
correctly
D. 60-year-old with mild arthritis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Age >65, confusion, antihypertensives
(orthostatic hypotension), and nocturia are multiple fall
risk factors. The Morse Fall Scale would rate this patient
high risk.
3. A nurse applies wrist restraints to a confused patient
pulling at IV lines. Which action is correct?
A. Tie restraints to the side rail for visibility
B. Apply restraints tightly to prevent movement
C. Tie restraints with a quick-release knot to the bed
frame
D. Leave restraints on for 8 hours before checking
2
,Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Restraints must be tied to the movable bed
frame (not side rail) with a quick-release knot. They
require a physician order, 2-hour release checks, and
never tight application.
4. A small fire starts in a patient’s trash can. What is the
nurse’s priority action?
A. Pull the fire alarm
B. Evacuate the patient
C. Use a fire extinguisher
D. Remove the trash can from the room
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: RACE protocol: Rescue (evacuate patient),
Alarm, Contain, Extinguish. Patient safety is always first.
5. A nurse mistakenly gives digoxin 0.25 mg instead of
0.125 mg. What is the first action?
3
, A. Document the error in the chart
B. Call the physician
C. Check the patient’s vital signs
D. Complete an incident report
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Assess the patient first (vital signs, especially
heart rate) for adverse effects. Then notify physician,
document, and complete incident report.
6. Which finding in a patient with wrist restraints requires
immediate intervention?
A. Capillary refill 2 seconds
B. Pink, warm fingers
C. Cyanosis of the fingers
D. Patient asking for restraint removal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cyanosis indicates impaired circulation.
4
