ANSC 2050: NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Monogastric - Answers - - one, simple stomach
- pigs and poultry
Ruminant - Answers - - 4 compartment stomach
- cows, sheep, goats
Hind-gut Fermenter - Answers - - Fermentation occurs in the cecum or large intestine
- Horses, rabbits
What are the classifications of nutrients? - Answers - carbohydrates, fats, proteins,
lipids, vitamins, minerals, water
Nutrient requirements depends on _______. - Answers - - Species (ruminant vs non-
ruminant, hind-gut fermenter)
- Age
- Productive function (growth, lactation, egg production, wool growth, fattening, work)
- Other factors (like environment and health)
NRC - Classification of Feedstuffs - Answers - 1. Dry roughage.
2. Pasture and range grasses.
3. Ensiled roughages.
4. High-energy concentrate.
5. Protein sources.
6. Minerals.
7. Vitamins
8. Additives.
Diet vs. Ration - Answers - Diet refers to the mix of feed ingredients fed to an animal.
Ration refers to the amount of the diet fed to an animal.
Nutritional Disorders - Answers - - milk fever
- ketosis
- displaced abomasum
- bloat
- acidosis
- laminitis
- nutritional secondary hypoparathyroidism
- grass tetany
, Parturient Hypocalcemia in Dairy Cows - Answers - •Parturient paresis or "milk fever"
•At parturition:
- Cow suddenly begins synthesizing large quantity of milk
- Creates sudden demand for Ca
Causes of Milk Fever - Answers - -Increased demands for Ca to support milk production
-Decreased DMI (dry matter intake) after calving
Prevention of Milk Fever - Answers - -Anionic salts in prepartum diet-Best for dairy cows
-Low calcium diets prepartum
Signs/Symptoms of Milk Fever - Answers - Muscles become progressively weaker
(paresis)
•Cow unable to stand
•Muscle weakness sometimes preceded by period of excitability with muscle tremors
Treatment of Milk Fever - Answers - oral Ca-drench or IV Ca
Ketosis - Answers - pregnancy toxemia in sheep and goats
- Metabolic shortage of glucose and excessive reliance on mobilized body fat to meet
energy requirements (too much fat being used as energy)
- Blood levels of ketones and free fatty acids are elevated
- inadequate supply of glucose to maintain glucose levels - hypoglycemia
Signs of Ketosis - Answers - •High blood ketones
•High urine ketones
•Low blood glucose
•Depleted glycogen
(releases glucose from stored glycogen)
•Lack of appetite
•Acetone breath (ketone)
•Hypoglycemia causes symptoms of lethargy and coma due to inadequate glucose to
support brain metabolism
Treatment of Ketosis - Answers - - IV glucose
- propylene glycol
- cortisol injections (sometimes)
- "triple whammy" all of them
Prevention of Ketosis - Answers - - not to be over-conditioned (obese animals, livers
incapable of dealing with the stress of calving)
•Adapt dry cows to lactating herd ration
•Adequate energy in late gestation diet for ewes and does
•Manage to promote high DMI in early lactation
•Ketosis associated with milk fever, DA, metritis, and mastitis, so prevention of these is
important
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Monogastric - Answers - - one, simple stomach
- pigs and poultry
Ruminant - Answers - - 4 compartment stomach
- cows, sheep, goats
Hind-gut Fermenter - Answers - - Fermentation occurs in the cecum or large intestine
- Horses, rabbits
What are the classifications of nutrients? - Answers - carbohydrates, fats, proteins,
lipids, vitamins, minerals, water
Nutrient requirements depends on _______. - Answers - - Species (ruminant vs non-
ruminant, hind-gut fermenter)
- Age
- Productive function (growth, lactation, egg production, wool growth, fattening, work)
- Other factors (like environment and health)
NRC - Classification of Feedstuffs - Answers - 1. Dry roughage.
2. Pasture and range grasses.
3. Ensiled roughages.
4. High-energy concentrate.
5. Protein sources.
6. Minerals.
7. Vitamins
8. Additives.
Diet vs. Ration - Answers - Diet refers to the mix of feed ingredients fed to an animal.
Ration refers to the amount of the diet fed to an animal.
Nutritional Disorders - Answers - - milk fever
- ketosis
- displaced abomasum
- bloat
- acidosis
- laminitis
- nutritional secondary hypoparathyroidism
- grass tetany
, Parturient Hypocalcemia in Dairy Cows - Answers - •Parturient paresis or "milk fever"
•At parturition:
- Cow suddenly begins synthesizing large quantity of milk
- Creates sudden demand for Ca
Causes of Milk Fever - Answers - -Increased demands for Ca to support milk production
-Decreased DMI (dry matter intake) after calving
Prevention of Milk Fever - Answers - -Anionic salts in prepartum diet-Best for dairy cows
-Low calcium diets prepartum
Signs/Symptoms of Milk Fever - Answers - Muscles become progressively weaker
(paresis)
•Cow unable to stand
•Muscle weakness sometimes preceded by period of excitability with muscle tremors
Treatment of Milk Fever - Answers - oral Ca-drench or IV Ca
Ketosis - Answers - pregnancy toxemia in sheep and goats
- Metabolic shortage of glucose and excessive reliance on mobilized body fat to meet
energy requirements (too much fat being used as energy)
- Blood levels of ketones and free fatty acids are elevated
- inadequate supply of glucose to maintain glucose levels - hypoglycemia
Signs of Ketosis - Answers - •High blood ketones
•High urine ketones
•Low blood glucose
•Depleted glycogen
(releases glucose from stored glycogen)
•Lack of appetite
•Acetone breath (ketone)
•Hypoglycemia causes symptoms of lethargy and coma due to inadequate glucose to
support brain metabolism
Treatment of Ketosis - Answers - - IV glucose
- propylene glycol
- cortisol injections (sometimes)
- "triple whammy" all of them
Prevention of Ketosis - Answers - - not to be over-conditioned (obese animals, livers
incapable of dealing with the stress of calving)
•Adapt dry cows to lactating herd ration
•Adequate energy in late gestation diet for ewes and does
•Manage to promote high DMI in early lactation
•Ketosis associated with milk fever, DA, metritis, and mastitis, so prevention of these is
important
