NUR 265 Exam 2 – Complete Test Bank Galen College – Medical-Surgical Nursing (2026/2027)
300 Practice Questions with Verified Answers & Detailed Rationales | All Core Domains Covered
| A+ Graded
About This Test Bank
Course: NUR 265 – Advanced Concepts of Medical-Surgical Nursing
Institution: Galen College of Nursing
Exam: 2 (2 Versions)
Format: 300 Exam-Style Questions with Verified Answers and Detailed Rationales
Exam 2 Topics Covered:
- Cardiovascular Disorders (Heart Failure, Hypertension, CAD, MI, Dysrhythmias, Valvular
Disease)
- Peripheral Vascular & Lymphatic Disorders
- Pulmonary Disorders (PE, Respiratory Failure, ARDS, Mechanical Ventilation)
- Transfusion Reactions (Hemolytic, Febrile, Allergic, TACO, TRALI)
- Immunology (Lupus, RA, Scleroderma, Myasthenia Gravis, Guillain-Barré)
- Sepsis (Surviving Sepsis Guidelines, DIC)
- Infectious Diseases (C. diff, HIV/AIDS, TB)
- Hematologic Disorders (HIT, DIC, Anemias)
- Complex Oxygenation & Mechanical Ventilation
- Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
- Pleural Disorders
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SECTION 1: CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS – HEART FAILURE & HYPERTENSION
,Questions 1–40
---
Question 1
A patient with heart failure is prescribed an ACE inhibitor. Which assessment finding indicates
that the medication is having the desired therapeutic effect?
- A) Increased blood pressure
- B) Decreased peripheral edema
- C) Increased heart rate
- D) Decreased urine output
Correct Answer: B) Decreased peripheral edema
Rationale: ACE inhibitors reduce afterload and preload, improving cardiac output and reducing
fluid volume overload. Decreased peripheral edema indicates reduced fluid retention, which is a
desired therapeutic effect in heart failure.
---
Question 2
A patient with heart failure has an ejection fraction (EF) of 25%. The nurse understands that this
patient has:
- A) Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)
- B) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)
- C) Diastolic heart failure
- D) Normal cardiac function
,Correct Answer: B) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)
Rationale: HFrEF is defined as an EF of ≤ 40%. An EF of 25% indicates significant systolic
dysfunction, meaning the heart is unable to pump blood effectively.
---
Question 3
A patient with heart failure is prescribed furosemide. Which laboratory value should the nurse
monitor most closely?
- A) Serum sodium
- B) Serum potassium
- C) Serum calcium
- D) Serum magnesium
Correct Answer: B) Serum potassium
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes potassium loss through the kidneys.
Hypokalemia is a serious side effect that can lead to cardiac dysrhythmias.
---
Question 4
A patient is admitted with acute decompensated heart failure. Which assessment finding
requires immediate nursing intervention?
- A) Weight gain of 2 lbs in 24 hours
, - B) Orthopnea and crackles in lung bases
- C) 1+ pitting edema in lower extremities
- D) Heart rate of 92 beats per minute
Correct Answer: B) Orthopnea and crackles in lung bases
Rationale: Orthopnea and crackles indicate pulmonary congestion, a sign of worsening heart
failure. This requires immediate intervention, such as administration of diuretics and oxygen
therapy.
---
Question 5
The nurse is teaching a patient with heart failure about dietary restrictions. Which statement
indicates that the patient understands the teaching?
- A) "I can use as much salt as I want as long as I drink extra water."
- B) "I should limit my sodium intake to 2 grams per day."
- C) "I can eat canned soups and frozen dinners regularly."
- D) "I don't need to worry about sodium because I take diuretics."
Correct Answer: B) "I should limit my sodium intake to 2 grams per day."
Rationale: Patients with heart failure should limit sodium intake to 2 grams (2000 mg) per day to
prevent fluid retention and reduce the workload on the heart.
---
300 Practice Questions with Verified Answers & Detailed Rationales | All Core Domains Covered
| A+ Graded
About This Test Bank
Course: NUR 265 – Advanced Concepts of Medical-Surgical Nursing
Institution: Galen College of Nursing
Exam: 2 (2 Versions)
Format: 300 Exam-Style Questions with Verified Answers and Detailed Rationales
Exam 2 Topics Covered:
- Cardiovascular Disorders (Heart Failure, Hypertension, CAD, MI, Dysrhythmias, Valvular
Disease)
- Peripheral Vascular & Lymphatic Disorders
- Pulmonary Disorders (PE, Respiratory Failure, ARDS, Mechanical Ventilation)
- Transfusion Reactions (Hemolytic, Febrile, Allergic, TACO, TRALI)
- Immunology (Lupus, RA, Scleroderma, Myasthenia Gravis, Guillain-Barré)
- Sepsis (Surviving Sepsis Guidelines, DIC)
- Infectious Diseases (C. diff, HIV/AIDS, TB)
- Hematologic Disorders (HIT, DIC, Anemias)
- Complex Oxygenation & Mechanical Ventilation
- Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
- Pleural Disorders
---
SECTION 1: CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS – HEART FAILURE & HYPERTENSION
,Questions 1–40
---
Question 1
A patient with heart failure is prescribed an ACE inhibitor. Which assessment finding indicates
that the medication is having the desired therapeutic effect?
- A) Increased blood pressure
- B) Decreased peripheral edema
- C) Increased heart rate
- D) Decreased urine output
Correct Answer: B) Decreased peripheral edema
Rationale: ACE inhibitors reduce afterload and preload, improving cardiac output and reducing
fluid volume overload. Decreased peripheral edema indicates reduced fluid retention, which is a
desired therapeutic effect in heart failure.
---
Question 2
A patient with heart failure has an ejection fraction (EF) of 25%. The nurse understands that this
patient has:
- A) Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)
- B) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)
- C) Diastolic heart failure
- D) Normal cardiac function
,Correct Answer: B) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)
Rationale: HFrEF is defined as an EF of ≤ 40%. An EF of 25% indicates significant systolic
dysfunction, meaning the heart is unable to pump blood effectively.
---
Question 3
A patient with heart failure is prescribed furosemide. Which laboratory value should the nurse
monitor most closely?
- A) Serum sodium
- B) Serum potassium
- C) Serum calcium
- D) Serum magnesium
Correct Answer: B) Serum potassium
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes potassium loss through the kidneys.
Hypokalemia is a serious side effect that can lead to cardiac dysrhythmias.
---
Question 4
A patient is admitted with acute decompensated heart failure. Which assessment finding
requires immediate nursing intervention?
- A) Weight gain of 2 lbs in 24 hours
, - B) Orthopnea and crackles in lung bases
- C) 1+ pitting edema in lower extremities
- D) Heart rate of 92 beats per minute
Correct Answer: B) Orthopnea and crackles in lung bases
Rationale: Orthopnea and crackles indicate pulmonary congestion, a sign of worsening heart
failure. This requires immediate intervention, such as administration of diuretics and oxygen
therapy.
---
Question 5
The nurse is teaching a patient with heart failure about dietary restrictions. Which statement
indicates that the patient understands the teaching?
- A) "I can use as much salt as I want as long as I drink extra water."
- B) "I should limit my sodium intake to 2 grams per day."
- C) "I can eat canned soups and frozen dinners regularly."
- D) "I don't need to worry about sodium because I take diuretics."
Correct Answer: B) "I should limit my sodium intake to 2 grams per day."
Rationale: Patients with heart failure should limit sodium intake to 2 grams (2000 mg) per day to
prevent fluid retention and reduce the workload on the heart.
---
