PSYCH 160 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
ANSWERS
________ are made up of segments of DNA called __________. correct answer
Chromosomes, Genes
_____________ refers to our genetic composition and the __________ refers to
the observable characteristics of a person. correct answer Genotype, Phenotype
1. Val's parents have always been supportive.
2. Devon scored highly on reading tests in elementary school. Now he has a high
GPA in high school.
3. Rita has had depressive symptoms through her adult life. These are all
examples of: correct answer continuity in development
2 types of circular reactions correct answer 1. primary - actions children carry out
related to own bodies
2. secondary - actions of objects around them to see what will happen. End up
intentionally varying actions to see what will happen
3 examples of research that questions Piaget's conclusions about infants correct
answer 1. Jakobsen uses eye tracker technology to measure detection length of
time, attention capture, and attention holding of infants looking at human face.
Found babies are drawn to human face - early social bonding
,2. Recognize difference between two images, possible and impossible (carrot
behind screen) and become used to one image if shown for long enough + no
longer interested - object memory
3. Deferred imitation - Imitate motor activity of previous experience before
experience occurs again (foot attached to mobile).
20 month old Addy says 'Da' when she sees her Dad. She used to call all men 'Da'
but now when she sees the mailman she says 'man'. This is an example of correct
answer Accommodation
A 10 month old child drops his spoon on the ground and looks at it until his Mom
picks it up and gives it back to him. When he receives the spoon back he drops it
again and watches his mom pick it back up. Piaget would consider this an example
of: correct answer Circular reactions
accommodation correct answer modifying existing schema when prior schema
does not apply. Create new schema (change in behavior)
active gene-environment interaction correct answer person actively seeking out
environment that fits tendencies
Alleles correct answer Slight variations in genes
Andre is an outgoing child. When he is playing with his peers, he is kind and
shares his toys. What kind of psychological processes explain Andre's behavior?
correct answer cognitive, socioemotional
,any two individuals are approximately 99.9% the same genetically. The .01%
represents about _______ differences between individuals' DNA correct answer 3
million
Apgar Scale (Virginia Apgar) correct answer measures babies first motor abilities
after being born: oxygen flow, heart beat and cry, breathing
Around 15 months a child begins to have the sense of 'I know I know' which can
also be called _____________ knowledge. correct answer self-referential
assimilation correct answer extending or adding to existing schema (apply schema
in new experience - infant learns to suck bottle & applies this to pacifier, now
knows both can be sucked)
Attachment and consequences of early separation (Bowlby, Robertson Study of
child in hospital) correct answer Attachment is a long lasting emotional bond
between child and caregiver where child derives sense of security. Study of child
left alone in hospital with physical care but no visit from parents resulted in child
being emotionally withdrawn and having difficulty rebuilding attachment with
caregiver
- can lead to insecure attachment in future relationships
- creates internal working model where child does not trust people
Attachment correct answer long lasting emotional bonds between children and
caregiver from which child derives sense of security. Important because it sets the
foundation for future relationships & forms perception of relationships in general
Attachment figure (Ainsworth) correct answer specific adult child is drawn to and
has a bond with. Doesn't have to be mother/parent
, Attachment in adopted children (Pignotti) correct answer 1. may have trouble
depending on prior environment, temperament, internal working model
2. adoptive parents must be responsive and motivated to create nurturing family
relationships
3. relationships between family members can have influence
Attachment is a close, long-lasting bond from which the child develops a sense of:
correct answer security
Attachment Seeking Behaviors (Posada & Kaloustian) correct answer 1. proximity
seeking - actions to bring child in contact with attachment figure (holding out
arms/gestures)
2. Contact maintaining - actions that will keep child in contact with attachment
figure (holding on/cuddling)
Autonomy correct answer parent allows infant to explore but corrects behavior if
necessary
Autonomy vs. shame/doubt correct answer Autonomy:
1. ability to do things for self
a. ex controlling bowel functions
b. guide + let child make mistakes, limit behavior while encouraging
Shame/Doubt:
ANSWERS
________ are made up of segments of DNA called __________. correct answer
Chromosomes, Genes
_____________ refers to our genetic composition and the __________ refers to
the observable characteristics of a person. correct answer Genotype, Phenotype
1. Val's parents have always been supportive.
2. Devon scored highly on reading tests in elementary school. Now he has a high
GPA in high school.
3. Rita has had depressive symptoms through her adult life. These are all
examples of: correct answer continuity in development
2 types of circular reactions correct answer 1. primary - actions children carry out
related to own bodies
2. secondary - actions of objects around them to see what will happen. End up
intentionally varying actions to see what will happen
3 examples of research that questions Piaget's conclusions about infants correct
answer 1. Jakobsen uses eye tracker technology to measure detection length of
time, attention capture, and attention holding of infants looking at human face.
Found babies are drawn to human face - early social bonding
,2. Recognize difference between two images, possible and impossible (carrot
behind screen) and become used to one image if shown for long enough + no
longer interested - object memory
3. Deferred imitation - Imitate motor activity of previous experience before
experience occurs again (foot attached to mobile).
20 month old Addy says 'Da' when she sees her Dad. She used to call all men 'Da'
but now when she sees the mailman she says 'man'. This is an example of correct
answer Accommodation
A 10 month old child drops his spoon on the ground and looks at it until his Mom
picks it up and gives it back to him. When he receives the spoon back he drops it
again and watches his mom pick it back up. Piaget would consider this an example
of: correct answer Circular reactions
accommodation correct answer modifying existing schema when prior schema
does not apply. Create new schema (change in behavior)
active gene-environment interaction correct answer person actively seeking out
environment that fits tendencies
Alleles correct answer Slight variations in genes
Andre is an outgoing child. When he is playing with his peers, he is kind and
shares his toys. What kind of psychological processes explain Andre's behavior?
correct answer cognitive, socioemotional
,any two individuals are approximately 99.9% the same genetically. The .01%
represents about _______ differences between individuals' DNA correct answer 3
million
Apgar Scale (Virginia Apgar) correct answer measures babies first motor abilities
after being born: oxygen flow, heart beat and cry, breathing
Around 15 months a child begins to have the sense of 'I know I know' which can
also be called _____________ knowledge. correct answer self-referential
assimilation correct answer extending or adding to existing schema (apply schema
in new experience - infant learns to suck bottle & applies this to pacifier, now
knows both can be sucked)
Attachment and consequences of early separation (Bowlby, Robertson Study of
child in hospital) correct answer Attachment is a long lasting emotional bond
between child and caregiver where child derives sense of security. Study of child
left alone in hospital with physical care but no visit from parents resulted in child
being emotionally withdrawn and having difficulty rebuilding attachment with
caregiver
- can lead to insecure attachment in future relationships
- creates internal working model where child does not trust people
Attachment correct answer long lasting emotional bonds between children and
caregiver from which child derives sense of security. Important because it sets the
foundation for future relationships & forms perception of relationships in general
Attachment figure (Ainsworth) correct answer specific adult child is drawn to and
has a bond with. Doesn't have to be mother/parent
, Attachment in adopted children (Pignotti) correct answer 1. may have trouble
depending on prior environment, temperament, internal working model
2. adoptive parents must be responsive and motivated to create nurturing family
relationships
3. relationships between family members can have influence
Attachment is a close, long-lasting bond from which the child develops a sense of:
correct answer security
Attachment Seeking Behaviors (Posada & Kaloustian) correct answer 1. proximity
seeking - actions to bring child in contact with attachment figure (holding out
arms/gestures)
2. Contact maintaining - actions that will keep child in contact with attachment
figure (holding on/cuddling)
Autonomy correct answer parent allows infant to explore but corrects behavior if
necessary
Autonomy vs. shame/doubt correct answer Autonomy:
1. ability to do things for self
a. ex controlling bowel functions
b. guide + let child make mistakes, limit behavior while encouraging
Shame/Doubt:
