ESOL Praxis 5362 Practice Test
connotation All the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests
discourse The combination of words into sentences and sentences into larger units to
achieve cohesive oral or written communication.
linear progression present the thesis of an argument and provide supporting details with minimal
deviation from the main idea. (English is linear)
pragmatics the practical use of language that includes the ability to adjust language
communication according to audience and context
bilabial sounds sounds produced with both lips touching (mothers, past, boy)
labiodental sounds sounds that are produced by the lips and teeth (fast, vine)
interdental sounds sounds produced with tongue between the teeth (them, thanks)
, ESOL Praxis 5362 Practice Test
alveolar ridge sounds sounds produced by the tongue touching the gum ridge located behind the
upper front teeth
palatal sounds sounds produced when the tongue touches the roof of the mouth further back
(chart, shower, seizure)
velar sounds sounds produced far back in the soft palate (gate, car, when, sing)
glottal sounds sounds produced behind the uvula (home).
nasal sounds sounds produced by vibrations going through the nose (morning)
pulmonic sounds sounds produced when air from the lungs goes through the vocal tract and the
nose
, ESOL Praxis 5362 Practice Test
oral sounds produced when the velum (soft palate) is raised, stopping access through the
nose and forcing air to go through the mouth
derivational morpheme prefixes, suffixes, and inflectional endings that change the syntactic
classification of a word. For example: add an "r" to change drive to drive and
the word goes from a verb to a noun.
inflectional morpheme a morpheme which does not change the grammatical function of the word it is
added to; a noun remains a noun and a verb remains a verb (When great turns
to greater it is still an adjective).
syntax sentence structure
transitive verbs Verbs that take a direct object (Jen and Matt called the waiter).
intransitive verbs verbs that cannot take objects; instead they serve as linking verbs (Hugo
Chavez is a colorful leader).
, ESOL Praxis 5362 Practice Test
predicate adjective an adjective that follows a linking verb and describes the subject
predicate nominative a noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and renames or identifies the
subject
phonology the sound system of a language
phoneme In language, the smallest distinctive sound unit. (44 in English)
grapheme A written representation of a sound using one or more letters.
consonant digraph Two adjacent consonants that represent a sound not represented by either
consonant alone (e.g., th-this, ch-chin, sh-wash, ph-telephone).
vowel digraph consists of two vowels that together represent one sound
IPA International Phonetic Alphabet
connotation All the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests
discourse The combination of words into sentences and sentences into larger units to
achieve cohesive oral or written communication.
linear progression present the thesis of an argument and provide supporting details with minimal
deviation from the main idea. (English is linear)
pragmatics the practical use of language that includes the ability to adjust language
communication according to audience and context
bilabial sounds sounds produced with both lips touching (mothers, past, boy)
labiodental sounds sounds that are produced by the lips and teeth (fast, vine)
interdental sounds sounds produced with tongue between the teeth (them, thanks)
, ESOL Praxis 5362 Practice Test
alveolar ridge sounds sounds produced by the tongue touching the gum ridge located behind the
upper front teeth
palatal sounds sounds produced when the tongue touches the roof of the mouth further back
(chart, shower, seizure)
velar sounds sounds produced far back in the soft palate (gate, car, when, sing)
glottal sounds sounds produced behind the uvula (home).
nasal sounds sounds produced by vibrations going through the nose (morning)
pulmonic sounds sounds produced when air from the lungs goes through the vocal tract and the
nose
, ESOL Praxis 5362 Practice Test
oral sounds produced when the velum (soft palate) is raised, stopping access through the
nose and forcing air to go through the mouth
derivational morpheme prefixes, suffixes, and inflectional endings that change the syntactic
classification of a word. For example: add an "r" to change drive to drive and
the word goes from a verb to a noun.
inflectional morpheme a morpheme which does not change the grammatical function of the word it is
added to; a noun remains a noun and a verb remains a verb (When great turns
to greater it is still an adjective).
syntax sentence structure
transitive verbs Verbs that take a direct object (Jen and Matt called the waiter).
intransitive verbs verbs that cannot take objects; instead they serve as linking verbs (Hugo
Chavez is a colorful leader).
, ESOL Praxis 5362 Practice Test
predicate adjective an adjective that follows a linking verb and describes the subject
predicate nominative a noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and renames or identifies the
subject
phonology the sound system of a language
phoneme In language, the smallest distinctive sound unit. (44 in English)
grapheme A written representation of a sound using one or more letters.
consonant digraph Two adjacent consonants that represent a sound not represented by either
consonant alone (e.g., th-this, ch-chin, sh-wash, ph-telephone).
vowel digraph consists of two vowels that together represent one sound
IPA International Phonetic Alphabet
